Beneficial Effects of Combined Exercise Training on Early Recovery Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Indices in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract

The addition of strength training to AIT induces significant beneficial effects in terms of ventilatory and metabolic recovery kinetics than AIT alone in CHF patients, possibly indicating greater ventilatory efficiency and metabolic improvement.

The ‘aerobic/resistance/inspiratory muscle training hypothesis in heart failure’

“…[40][41][42][43][44][45] Although an additional benefit of combined AT/RT in peakVO 2 compared with AT alone has not been confirmed, 40 there are findings to show additional benefits of RT in flow-mediated vasodilation 46 and ventilatory and metabolic efficiency. 47 IMT was also shown to be safe and appears to be mostly effective if used at high training intensities targeting both PI max and SustainedPI max 30,[48][49][50] or at lower intensities in selected patients with inspiratory muscle weakness. 51 Selective IMT improved inspiratory muscle function and exertional dyspnoea, [48][49][50][52][53][54] limb blood flow 55,56 and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I, 49 resulting in an improvement in the submaximal exercise capacity, peakVO 2 and QoL of heart failure patients.…”

The effect of resistance training on clinical outcomes in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Previously meta-analyses were only able to pool data resulting in forest plots from only one to four studies [1,2]. Since the last search attempt for the purpose of data pooling almost seven years have passed and the publication of nine new resistance training trials may have yielded additional new information [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] not included in the most recent meta-analysis of only 8 included trials and 241 participants [2].…”

Effect of combined interval training on the cardiorespiratory fitness in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…40 All IT protocols were performed on a stationary bicycle, and the 30 s/60 s (effort/rest) ratio was predominant, with total duration of sessions last between 15 and 45 min, 31,32,34,35,37,38,40 except for two studies that used 120 s/120 s 33,39 and a study that used 240 s/180 s. 36 The intensities of the interval exercise ranged from 50%W peak , 31,32,34,35,38,40 80---100% W peak 37 and 40---80%VO 2peak . 33,36,39 Regarding TR, the majority of the studies used four exercises 31,32,34,37,35 with the exception of those who used ten, 39 six, 33 five, 38 three 40 or two 36 exercises per session. The load intensity ranged from 60 to 80% of one maximum repetition (MR) 33,36---40 and 55---65% of two MR. 31,32,34,35 Details of training groups and protocols are highlighted in Table 3.…”