Hormonal changes during the first year of use of subdermal levonoregestrel implants, NORPLANT®

Shaaban, Mamdouh M.; Elnashar, Ihab; Ghaneimah, Sharaf A.; Gomaa, Adel A.; Salah, M. K.; Abdelaleem, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(84)90031-3

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ovarian hormone secretion patterns were similar to those reported for human subjects using Norplant [Shaaban et al, 1984;Alvarez et al, 1986;Croxatto et al, 1988;Brache et al, 1990]. Also comparable to data on humans, Norplant's contraceptive effect was achieved through several mechanisms [Shaaban et al, 1984;Faundes et al, 1991;Shoupe et al, 1991a].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Five of the eight cycles (62.5%) analyzed 6 months following Norplant placement appeared to be ovulatory. This rate is higher than rates of presumed ovulation reported among the general population of human females 1 year following implant placement (11-36% overall, Croxatto et al, 1982;Shaaban et al, 1984;Croxatto et al, 1988;Brache et al, 1990) and higher than that reported among women with normal bleeding patterns (30-60%, Brache et al, 1985;Faundes et al, 1991;Shoupe et al, 1991b). This rate of presumed ovulation in chimpanzees is more representative of fifth year human Norplant users [Croxatto et al, 1982;Shaaban et al, 1984;Brache et al, 1990].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…Weight gain has been reported to be a common side effect among human patients on the Norplant regimen [Shaaban et al, 1984;Darney, 1994;Molland et al, 1996]. Similarly, Portugal and Asa [1995] reported that hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) treated with melengestrol acetate implants also showed a significant weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Levonorgestrel acts upon the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress the surge of luteinizing hormone responsible for triggering ovulation [Alvarez et al, 1986]. However, ovulation has been reported to occur in 30-80% of the cycles studied and is most frequent after the first year of implant use [Croxatto et al, 1982;Shaaban et al, 1984;Brache et al, 1985;Faundes et al, 1991;Shoupe et al, 1991b]. In ovulatory cycles, Norplant prevents pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, depressing endometrial development, and causing luteal phase inadequacy [Segal et al, 1991;and see Darney, 1994, for review].…”

Section: Norplant Studies In Humansmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ovarian hormone concentrations and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees with Norplant implants

et al. 1997

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Norplant Studies In Humansmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ovarian hormone concentrations and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees with Norplant implants

et al. 1997

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Its development began in the laboratories of the Population Council's Centre for Biomedical Research in 1966. The first clinical studies began in Chile in 1974.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Norplant Experience in Zaria: A Ten-Year Review

Haggai

2003

African Journal of Reproductive Health

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Norplant is an effective, long-acting, reversible, progestin-only contraceptive that provides protection for up to five years. The aim of this review is to ascertain the response of family planning clients in Zaria to Norplant. In Nigeria, Family Health International started pre-introductory clinical research on Norplant in 1985 at five sites including Zaria. Since the conclusion of the study, Norplant services have been maintained, but no attempt has been made to report the response of this largely Hausa and Muslim community where contraceptive use is generally low. It is important to determine whether the advantages of Norplant have had an impact on this setting. The study showed that most of the clients were satisfied with the method. There was a progressive increase in the number of women using Norplant by 1995, with a significant decrease in the number of women undergoing sterilisation. Acceptability of Norplant is on the increase, thus, it should be easily available, accessible and affordable. Norplant est un contraceptif à action prolongée, réversible, teneur uniquement en progestérone, qui donne la protection d'une durée de jusqu'à cinq ans. Cette étude a pour but de déterminer la réponse à Norplant de la part des clientes de la planification familiale

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Efficacy of levonorgestrel when administered as an irradiated, slow‐release injectable matrix for feline contraception

et al. 2001

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Reliable and safe methods of reversible contraception are needed for use in zoo felids. The efficacy of levonorgestrel (LNG) as a contraceptive, when delivered as a cesium-irradiated, slow-release, injectable matrix, was tested in domestic cats as a model for exotic cats. An increase (P = 0.0017) in body weight was observed in treated but not control queens (P = 0.2146). All control queens (n = 6), which received injections of matrix only, but none of the LNG-treated queens (n = 6) became pregnant during the trial. Levonorgestrel was effective in preventing pregnancy for at least 36 weeks after two injections of drug-loaded formulations (40 mg/kg body weight), administered 68 days apart. Throughout the study, all control queens displayed luteal activity and fluctuating fecal estradiol concentrations, whereas the LNG-treated queens displayed lower estradiol concentrations and no luteal activity after treatment. We conclude that LNG, when delivered as a cesium-irradiated, slow-release, injectable matrix, is an effective contraceptive in domestic cats, reducing follicular activity, and thus, preventing mating and luteal activity. Zoo Biol 20: [407][408][409][410][411][412][413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421] 2001.

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Hormonal changes during the first year of use of subdermal levonoregestrel implants, NORPLANT®

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Ovarian hormone concentrations and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees with Norplant implants

Ovarian hormone concentrations and genital swelling patterns in female chimpanzees with Norplant implants

The Norplant Experience in Zaria: A Ten-Year Review

Efficacy of levonorgestrel when administered as an irradiated, slow‐release injectable matrix for feline contraception

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