Hormesis: Why it is important to toxicology and toxicologists

Calabrese, Edward J.

doi:10.1897/07-541.1

Cited by 620 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Although the changes are insignificant, we can discuss the concept of hormesis (biphasic response, dependent on the dose), according to which small doses have a stimulating effect and large doses inhibit (Calabrese, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wine by-Products on Growth Performance, Complete Blood Count and Total Antioxidant Status in Broilers

Pascariu¹,

Pop²,

Simeanu³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole grape pomace (GP), grape seed (GS) and grape pomace polyphenolic extract (GPEP) on growth performance, total antioxidant status (TAS) and complete blood count (CBC) of 40-day-old chicks (hybrid Cobb 500). A total of 432 unsexed one-day-old chicks were divided into six groups: control (CON) and five experimental groups, 10 g/kg GP, 20 g/kg GP, 5 g/kg GS, 10 g/kg GS and 15 mL/L GPEP. The results showed a higher increase in growing rate in 5 g/kg GS group, from the first week of the chicks' life throughout their growth, the average body weight of the chicks being significantly higher (p<0.01) than CON. The broilers that received 5 g/ kg seeds in the diet, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg GP respectively, have achieved a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than CON. The introduction of GPEP in drinking water has significantly affected (p<0.05) the growth performance in the fourth week of the experiment, lower weight gains could be due to high levels of polyphenols in grape pomace extract that may have a delayed effect on the growth of chickens. The CBC and TAS were not affected by dietary treatments (p>0.05) at 40 days of age. As a conclusion, the amount of 5 g/kg seeds, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg pomace, can be added to the diet of the broilers, the dose of 5 g/kg seeds in the diet offering advantages in growing rate and feed valorization in weight gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wine by-Products on Growth Performance, Complete Blood Count and Total Antioxidant Status in Broilers

Pascariu¹,

Pop²,

Simeanu³

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…The response of different enzymes to the same pollutant may vary greatly, and the same enzyme may respond differently to different pollutants (He et al 2003). Hormesis is a dose-response concept that is characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition (Calabrese 2008). Most enzyme activities showed hormesis effects when treated with different concentrations of Cd and Pb (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining soil enzyme activities for the assessment of fungi and citric acid-assisted phytoextraction under cadmium and lead contamination

Mao

Tang

Feng

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Microorganism or chelate-assisted phytoextraction is an effective remediation tool for heavy metal polluted soil, but investigations into its impact on soil microbial activity are rarely reported. Consequently, cadmium (Cd)-and lead (Pb)-resistant fungi and citric acid (CA) were introduced to enhance phytoextraction by Solanum nigrum L. under varied Cd and Pb pollution levels in a greenhouse pot experiment. We then determined accumulation of Cd and Pb in S. nigrum and the soil enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, phosphatase, urease, catalase, sucrase, and amylase. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) was applied to assess the interactions between remediation strategies and soil enzyme activities. Results indicated that the addition of fungi, CA, or their combination enhanced the root biomass of S. nigrum, especially at the high-pollution level. The combined treatment of CA and fungi enhanced accumulation of Cd about 22-47 % and of Pb about 13-105 % in S. nigrum compared with the phytoextraction alone. However, S. nigrum was not shown to be a hyperaccumulator for Pb. Most enzyme activities were enhanced after remediation. The DCCA ordination graph showed increasing enzyme activity improvement by remediation in the order of phosphatase, amylase, catalase, dehydrogenase, and urease. Responses of soil enzyme activities were similar for both the addition of fungi and that of CA. In summary, results suggest that fungi and CA-assisted phytoextraction is a promising approach to restoring heavy metal polluted soil.

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“…It is highly general, and it has been often observed irrespective of chemical or physical agent, biological model, measured biomarker, chemical class, and inter-individual variability. 33 Calabrese & Baldwin 34 suggest that hormesis bring a "dose-response revolution", where there is no linear response, but biphasic-U-shaped curve. The observed response may be due to the direct stimulation of hormesis (as an active phenomenon) or the result of a compensatory biological process following an initial disruption of homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Disner

Calado

Assis

et al. 2017

evid.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL -1 ) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis.

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Hormesis: Why it is important to toxicology and toxicologists

Cited by 620 publications

References 160 publications

Effects of Wine by-Products on Growth Performance, Complete Blood Count and Total Antioxidant Status in Broilers

Effects of Wine by-Products on Growth Performance, Complete Blood Count and Total Antioxidant Status in Broilers

Determining soil enzyme activities for the assessment of fungi and citric acid-assisted phytoextraction under cadmium and lead contamination

Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

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