Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL -1 ) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis.

Nonlethal Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Oiled Sediment Exposed Southern Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma): Utility for Field-Base Monitoring Exposure and Potential Recovery

“…The LMW PAHs made up >99% of ∑ 48 PAHs in the body and in the liver (Figure S3), a pattern seen in other oil exposed fish studies. , The order of predominance and percent composition of the PAH parent compounds and associated homologue series were similar for both matrices: naphthalenes (80–85%) > phenanthrene/anthracenes (5–10%) > fluorenes (6–9%) > dibenzothiophenes (0.5–2%). Due in part to their rapid uptake rates and dominant composition in crude oil, naphthalenes are extremely toxic to aquatic organisms − and contribute to DNA damage, increased oxidant production and induced LPO in invertebrates, fish, rats, and humans. ,− After the 30-day recovery period, the remaining flounder were analyzed for PAH concentrations (Table S2). The ∑ 48 PAHs for the exposed fish ( n = 5) had decreased significantly over this period from 947 to 25 ng/g w/w in the body (97% decrease) and from 2205 to 148 ng/g w/w in the liver (93% decrease).…”

Diet, Immunity, and Microbiota Interactions: An Integrative Analysis of the Intestine Transcriptional Response and Microbiota Modulation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fed an Essential Oils-Based Functional Diet

“…Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon present in many EOs with antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties ( 77 ). Although suggested to have a positive impact at low concentrations by decreasing DNA damage in some fish species ( 78 ), an enhancement in naphthalene and similar compounds degradation is crucial in order to avoid a potential toxicity of the EOs for the host.…”

Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Astyanax lacustris in an urban stream

“…It is known as a sensitive and fast method, capable of evaluating repairable and non-repairable DNA lesions in individual cells ( Rocha et al., 2009 ). Astyanax lacustris was used as a species model because of its useful characteristics for biomonitoring, such as adequate body size and adaptation in experiments as a test organism ( Disner et al., 2017 ; Stevanato and Ostrensky, 2018 ; Viana et al., 2018 ). Furthermore, this species is native to the study basin and widespread in rivers, lakes, and ponds of South America.…”