Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Evolutionary Flexibility to Disease Progression

Emamalipour, Melissa; Seidi, Khaled; Vahed, Sepideh Zununi; Jahanban-Esfahlan, Ali; Jaymand, Mehdi; Majdi, Hasan Shakir; Amoozgar, Zohreh; Chitkushev, Lou; Javaheri, Tahereh; Zare, Payman

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00229

Cited by 106 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Transferred DNA or RNA from another organism can replace the existing gene of the host cell. The fast spread of antibiotic resistance among the bacterial population is caused due to HGT [116]. The older study suggested that the HGT phenomenon only occurred in bacteria, but recent studies show that HGT plays a significant role in animal evolution and development [117][118][119][120][121].…”

Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer (Hgt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis

Karmakar

2021

J Basic Microbiol

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Bacterial chemotaxis is a biased movement of bacteria toward the beneficial chemical gradient or away from a toxic chemical gradient. This movement is achieved by sensing a chemical gradient by chemoreceptors. In most of the chemotaxis studies, Escherichia coli has been used as a model organism. E. coli have about 4-6 flagella on their surfaces, and the motility is achieved by rotating the flagella. Each flagellum has reversible flagellar motors at its base, which rotate the flagella in counterclockwise and clockwise directions to achieve "run" and "tumble." The chemotaxis of bacteria is regulated by a network of interacting proteins. The sensory signal is processed and transmitted to the flagellar motor by cytoplasmic proteins. Bacterial chemotaxis plays an important role in many biological processes such as biofilm formation, quorum sensing, bacterial pathogenesis, and host infection. Bacterial chemotaxis can be applied for bioremediation, horizontal gene transfer, drug delivery, or maybe some other industry in near future. This review contains an overview of bacterial chemotaxis, recent findings of the physiological importance of bacterial chemotaxis in other biological processes, and the application of bacterial chemotaxis. K E Y W O R D S bacterial chemotaxis, chemotactic pathways, Escherichia coli, flagella, physiological importance and applications of bacterial chemotaxis How to cite this article: Karmakar R. State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis.

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Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer (Hgt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis

Karmakar

2021

J Basic Microbiol

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“…Biofilms increase HGT rates among community cells, by 16,000 times, due to high cell density and/or accumulation of genetic elements, either by transformation, conjugation or transduction, ( Savage et al, 2013 ; Kragh et al, 2016 ; Emamalipour et al, 2020 ). Besides the genes involved in mobility, regulation or maintenance, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) provide the conditions for the uptake of antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors ( Haenni et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Horizontal Gene Transfer Is Increased In Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms – From Formation to Health Implication

et al. 2020

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Biofilms are generally defined as communities of cells involved in a self-produced extracellular matrix adhered to a surface. In biofilms, the bacteria are less sensitive to host defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents, due to multiple strategies, that involve modulation of gene expression, controlled metabolic rate, intercellular communication, composition, and 3D architecture of the extracellular matrix. These factors play a key role in streptococci pathogenesis, contributing to therapy failure and promoting persistent infections. The species of the pyogenic group together with Streptococcus pneumoniae are the major pathogens belonging the genus Streptococcus, and its biofilm growth has been investigated, but insights in the genetic origin of biofilm formation are limited. This review summarizes pyogenic streptococci biofilms with details on constitution, formation, and virulence factors associated with formation.

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“…[33] Liquid biopsy is a recently introduced non-invasive clinical approach to capture, identify and quantify very rare circulating bodies, that may be circulating tumor cells (CTCs), DNA, or vesicular bodies. [34] Because these bodies are derived from their original cells, liquid biopsy can identify the tissue-of-origin and provide valuable information on whether the disease state is active or dormant, and enable more precise plans for personalized medicine. [35] Song and colleagues designed and synthesized advanced biodegradable DNA-based hydrogels.…”

Section: 1 Degradable Static Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Applications of Advanced Nano/Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Static, Dynamic, Multi‐Stage, and Bioinspired

Ayoubi‐Joshaghani

Seidi

Azizi

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Novel advanced hydrogels can provide a versatile platform for controlled delivery and release of various cargos, with a myriad of biomedical applications. These gel-based nanostructures possess good biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, multifunctionality, can respond to internal or external stimuli, and can adapt to their surrounding environment. This new generation of hydrogels is not only capable of serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles, but they can also perform a variety of tasks within living cells and organisms. In this review, advanced hydrogels are classified as static, dynamic, multistage, or bioinspired. They can be used as cell-free gene expression platforms for gene therapy. Administration of nanogel-based sprays can act as an immunovaccine priming macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to avoid cancer recurrence following surgery. Nanogels can also serve as a dual biosensing and capture platform for liquid biopsies, and can recognize and remove circulating cancer cells from the blood of cancer patients.

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Horizontal Gene Transfer: From Evolutionary Flexibility to Disease Progression

Cited by 106 publications

References 161 publications

State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis

State of the art of bacterial chemotaxis

Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms – From Formation to Health Implication

Potential Applications of Advanced Nano/Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Static, Dynamic, Multi‐Stage, and Bioinspired

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