Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms – From Formation to Health Implication

Alves-Barroco, Cinthia; Paquete-Ferreira, João; Santos‐Silva, Teresa; Fernandes, Alexandra R.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.584947

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…In vivo colonization by the group of pyogenic streptococci requires a series of interactions between the pathogen and the host, involving differential gene expression in both ( Alves-Barroco et al., 2020 ). Our data revealed that in vivo , a similar number of sessile cells were recovered from SDSD isolates previously classified as weak and strong biofilm producers in vitro .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing in vivo and in vitro biofilm development by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae using a murine model of catheter-associated biofilm and human keratinocyte cell

Alves-Barroco

Botelho²,

Américo³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) is an important agent of bovine mastitis. This infection causes an inflammatory reaction in udder tissue, being the most important disease-causing significant impact on the dairy industry. Therefore, it leads to an increase in dairy farming to meet commercial demands. As a result, there is a major impact on both the dairy industry and the environment including global warming. Recurrent mastitis is often attributed to the development of bacterial biofilms, which promote survival of sessile cells in hostile environments, and resistance to the immune system defense and antimicrobial therapy. Recently, we described the in vitro biofilm development on abiotic surfaces by bovine SDSD. In that work we integrated microbiology, imaging, and computational methods to evaluate the biofilm production capability of SDSD isolates on abiotic surfaces. Additionally, we reported that bovine SDSD can adhere and internalize human cells, including human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) cells. We showed that the adherence and internalization rates of bovine SDSD isolates in HEK cells are higher than those of a SDSD DB49998-05 isolated from humans. In vivo, bovine SDSD can cause invasive infections leading to zebrafish morbidity and mortality. In the present work, we investigated for the first time the capability of bovine SDSD to develop biofilm in vivo using a murine animal model and ex-vivo on human HEK cells. Bovine SDSD isolates were selected based on their ability to form weak, moderate, or strong biofilms on glass surfaces. Our results showed that SDSD isolates displayed an increased ability to form biofilms on the surface of catheters implanted in mice when compared to in vitro biofilm formation on abiotic surface. A greater ability to form biofilm in vitro after animal passage was observed for the VSD45 isolate, but not for the other isolates tested. Besides that, in vitro scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that SDSD biofilm development was visible after 4 hours of SDSD adhesion to HEK cells. Cell viability tests showed an important reduction in the number of HEK cells after the formation of SDSD biofilms. In this study, the expression of genes encoding BrpA-like (biofilm regulatory protein), FbpA (fibronectin-binding protein A), HtrA (serine protease), and SagA (streptolysin S precursor) was higher for biofilm grown in vivo than in vitro, suggesting a potential role for these virulence determinants in the biofilm-development, host colonization, and SDSD infections. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SDSD can develop biofilms in vivo and on the surface of HEK cells causing important cellular damages. As SDSD infections are considered zoonotic diseases, our data contribute to a better understanding of the role of biofilm accumulation during SDSD colonization and pathogenesis not only in bovine mastitis, but they also shed some lights on the mechanisms of prosthesis-associated infection and cellulitis caused by SDSD in humans, as well.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing in vivo and in vitro biofilm development by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae using a murine model of catheter-associated biofilm and human keratinocyte cell

Alves-Barroco

Botelho²,

Américo³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Streptococcus dysgalactiae harbors a great repertoire of adhesins that interact with the extracellular matrix of animal cells, including SfbI, GfbA, FbaA, FbaB, FBP54, and M-like proteins ( Alves-Barroco et al, 2020 ). Here, we found several adhesins ubiquitously and randomly distributed among S. dysgalactiae isolates, except the sdrE _2 gene that was found only in animal SDSE and human SDSD isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis and accessory genome diversity reveal insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus dysgalactiae

et al. 2022

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is capable of infecting both humans and animals and causing a wide range of invasive and non-invasive infections. With two subspecies, the taxonomic status of subspecies of SD remains controversial. Subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an important human pathogen, while subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strictly animal pathogen; however, occasional human infections by this subspecies have been reported in the last few years. Moreover, the differences between the adaptation of SDSD within humans and other animals are still unknown. In this work, we provide a phylogenomic analysis based on the single-copy core genome of 106 isolates from both the subspecies and different infected hosts (animal and human hosts). The accessory genome of this species was also analyzed for screening of genes that could be specifically involved with adaptation to different hosts. Additionally, we searched putatively adaptive traits among prophage regions to infer the importance of transduction in the adaptation of SD to different hosts. Core genome phylogenetic relationships segregate all human SDSE in a single cluster separated from animal SD isolates. The subgroup of bovine SDSD evolved from this later clade and harbors a specialized accessory genome characterized by the presence of specific virulence determinants (e.g., cspZ) and carbohydrate metabolic functions (e.g., fructose operon). Together, our results indicate a host-specific SD and the existence of an SDSD group that causes human–animal cluster infections may be due to opportunistic infections, and that the exact incidence of SDSD human infections may be underestimated due to failures in identification based on the hemolytic patterns. However, more detailed research into the isolation of human SD is needed to assess whether it is a carrier phenomenon or whether the species can be permanently integrated into the human microbiome, making it ready to cause opportunistic infections.

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“…Pharyngeal infections, notably the ones caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, also produces the previously described structure of biofilm. And as well as in the oral cavity, in the pharynx bacteria in biofilms are less sensitive to host defense mechanisms and antimicrobial agents, due to multiple strategies, that involve modulation of gene expression, controlled metabolic rate, intercellular communication, composition, and 3D architecture of the extracellular matrix (55).…”

Section: Probiotics Use In Pharyngeal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of probiotics as gastrointestinal infections treatment and prophylaxis: A review

Leite

Damasceno

2021

Med Sci Discov

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Objective: Probiotics are products that contain microorganisms capable of supporting symbiotic relations with native microbiota of many environments. They are widely used and studied due to their capacity to improve biological systems’ overall health. Many hypothesis exist surrounding the mechanisms by which every microbe labelled as probiotic is the cause by which system health is enhanced by its presence. The aim of this review was to compile article’s data concerning the role of different combinations of probiotics used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal conditions, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, Helicobacter pylori infections, oral, pharyngeal and Salmonella infections. In general, other than presenting excellent safety records, several probiotic combinations registered in clinical trials could prove themselves capable of significantly preventing those infections and some proved to be capable to also treat them once established. The main challenge among the infections studies seems to be oral cavity infections, probably due to microbiota complexity. Nevertheless, probiotics seem to have good prospect for playing a major preventive and protective role in gastrointestinal infections with further investigation to gather sufficient evidence to base treatment protocols.

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Singularities of Pyogenic Streptococcal Biofilms – From Formation to Health Implication

Cited by 16 publications

References 262 publications

Assessing in vivo and in vitro biofilm development by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae using a murine model of catheter-associated biofilm and human keratinocyte cell

Assessing in vivo and in vitro biofilm development by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae using a murine model of catheter-associated biofilm and human keratinocyte cell

Phylogenetic analysis and accessory genome diversity reveal insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus dysgalactiae

The role of probiotics as gastrointestinal infections treatment and prophylaxis: A review

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