Horizontal flushing: a promising ameliorative technology for hard saline-sodic and sodic soils

Qadir, Muhammad Farhan; Qureshı, Riaz; Ahmad, Nordila

doi:10.1016/s0933-3630(96)00130-4

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…이러한 염류집적 현상을 완화하기 위한 제염기술로는 객 토, 심토반전, 암거배수, 흡비작물(cleaning crop)재배, 전 기역학적 탈염 등의 다양한 방법이 있고 이와 관련된 많 은 연구가 시도되고 있는데 (Jia et al, 2005;Jo et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2011Kim et al, , 2012bKim et al, , 2012cOh et al, 2010;Ok et al, 2005;Qadir et al, 1998) …”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Economic Analysis on Desalination Technology for Saline Agricultural Land on the Basis of Crop Production

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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In this study, economic analysis of five desalination technologies for saline agricultural land was carried out. The analysis was comprehensively evaluated by calculating changes in crop production and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio. The analysis of crop production was in the order of tomato > cucumber > a (musk) melon > watermelon > cabbage, and economical efficiency for desalination technology was in the order of soil exchange > soil addition > electrokinetics > under-drainage > subsoil reversal. In cost benefit analysis, B/C ratio was in the order of under-drainage > soil exchange > electrokinetics > soil addition > subsoil reversal, and all desalination technologies used in this study have the ratio higher than 1, which means economical efficiency was high. Based on the net production considering B/C ratio, the general economic analysis was exactly order from that of crop production analysis. As a result, economical efficiency of soil exchange was highest, and economical efficiency of soil addition and electrokinetic was relatively higher than others.

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Section: 서 론unclassified

Economic Analysis on Desalination Technology for Saline Agricultural Land on the Basis of Crop Production

Kim¹,

Choi²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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“…Ces nappes étant salées et peu profondes dans le delta, la remontée de l'eau par capillarité est un facteur de mobilisation des sels vers la surface sur les sols non submergés : parcelles en jachère et sols environnant les périmètres. Alors que le drainage profond est difficile et risque même de provoquer une alcalinisation des sols par sodisation (LE BRUSQ et LOYER, 1983), cette remontée peut être exploitée pour faire un drainage de surface (QADIR et al, 1998). Ce constat justifie également de considérer l'impact salin de la riziculture à l'échelle des unités hydro-géologiques naturelles (cuvettes alluviales, portion de la vallée) et/ou à celle des unités de gestion de l'eau (maille hydraulique, périmètre irrigué).…”

Section: Confrontation Des Hypothèses Et Des Résultats De La Modélisaunclassified

Modélisation du transfert de l’eau et des sels dans les casiers rizicoles du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal

Ndiaye

Molénat

Ndoye³

et al. 2008

rseau

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La salinisation des sols constitue un risque majeur du développement de l’irrigation dans le monde. Dans le Delta du Fleuve Sénégal, l’existence d’une nappe phréatique salée et proche de la surface du sol accentue ce risque. Une modélisation des transferts hydriques a été réalisée pour mieux évaluer ce risque. Elle a été faite à partir du code Hydrus sur l’ensemble du cycle cultural et a pris en compte deux types de sol et deux modes de culture de cette région : la simple et la double culture. Elle a permis d’estimer les flux hydriques descendants pendant la phase d’irrigation par submersion, et les flux hydriques et salins ascendants pendant la phase d’irrigation et de non-irrigation. Cette modélisation indique que : i) le toit de la nappe salée remonte d’environ 50 cm pendant la phase d’irrigation; ii) une zone non saturée de faible épaisseur subsiste entre la surface inondée et la nappe; iii) l’infiltration cumulée est deux fois plus forte en double qu’en simple culture; et iv) la forte évaporation durant la phase de non-irrigation peut faire remonter entre 5,5 à 6 t de sels par ha et par an, selon les sols et les conditions de culture. Cette modélisation, qui s’appuie sur des mesures in situ des paramètres hydrodynamiques, devra être confrontée à des observations in situ de flux. Elle devra intégrer des processus non pris à ce stade tel que le piégeage d’air. Les relevés piézométriques depuis dix ans montrent, par ailleurs, un léger relèvement du niveau de la nappe salée. L’ensemble de ces résultats est suffisamment préoccupant pour préconiser, dans le cas d’une irrigation par submersion, la mise en place d’un drainage superficiel pour éviter le relèvement de la nappe et assurer l’évacuation des sels hors de la nappe et, par là, la pérennisation de l’agriculture dans cette région du Delta du fleuve SénégalSoil salinisation is a major hazard of the extension of irrigation in the world. In the Delta of the Senegal River Valley, a highly saline groundwater close to the soil surface increases this hazard. A water and salt modeling by means of the Hydrus code has been performed to evaluate this hazard. Two soil types and two crop systems, a single and a double one, have been considered. The calculations have been performed on the complete agricultural cycle to determine water flows going down during the irrigation phase, and water and salt flows ascending to the soil surface during the irrigation and non irrigation phases. The modeling shows that: 1) the recharge due to the irrigation period induces an elevation of the water table of about 50 cm; 2) an unsaturated zone persists between the flooded surface and the water table; 3) the cumulative infiltration is two times higher in the double crop rice system than in the single crop system; 4) the high evaporation during the dry phase causes an ascension of from 5.5 to 6 t of salts per ha and per year according to the soil type and the crop system. This modeling, which was based on field measurements of hydrodynamic properties, has to be validated by field observatio...

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“…The management options may be treatment of effluent itself or soil amendments to ameliorate sodicity and salinity levels of the textile effluent or the soil under effluent application. Gypsum is reported for its beneficial effects in terms of soil salinity-sodicity amelioration and influence on crop production/seedling growth (Qadir et al 1998;Haisheng et al 2008). Likewise, the ash generated as a by-product of combustion of fuel-wood, has potential to use as a fertilizer in forest systems (Augusto et al 2008), as the wood ash is a source of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and other trace minerals (Pitman 2006) and supposed to be beneficial in soil improvement and seedling growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Textile Industrial Effluent for Raising Azadirachta Indica A. Juss Seedlings in Indian Desert/Tekstilės Pramoninių Nuotekų Naudojimas Azadirachta Indica A. Juss Sodinukams Auginti Indijos Dykumose/ Применение Стоков От Текстильной Промышленности Для Выращивания Рассады Azadirachta Indica A. Juss В Пустынях Индии

Singh

Bala

Rathod

2009

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Abstract. A field experiment was conducted during 1993-1995 to study the effect of industrial effluent on the initial growth of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) in arid region. The effluent released from textile industry had high pH, EC, SAR and RSC. Various treatments were: irrigation with effluent only (W 1 ), effluent mixed with canal water at 1:1 ratio (W 2 ), gypsum-treated effluent (W 3 ), gypsum-treated soil (W 4 ) and wood ash-treated soil (W 5 ). W 5 was the best treatment where neem attained 218 cm height, 118 cm crown diameter and 11.2 cm collar circumference at 28 months of age; followed by W 1 treatment, where trees were on an average 186 cm tall and had 104 cm crown diameter and 9.4 cm collar circumference. Growth of the seedlings was the poorest in W 2 treatment. Increase in biomass accumulation over W 2 treatment (1.89 kg tree -1 ) was 3.6 fold in W 5 , 2.1 fold in W 1 , 2.0 fold in W 4 and 1.4 fold in W 3 treatments. Though effluent application increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and in some cases pH also, but gypsum-and wood ash-treated soil ameliorated the pH by 0.25 units in comparison to the initial data. These results suggest that industrial wastewater can be effectively used to boost up establishment and growth of Neem (Azadirachta indica) in arid zone. Addition of wood ash improves the rate of growth. Irrigation with industrial effluent caused slight increase in electrical conductivity and decline in the soil pH.

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Horizontal flushing: a promising ameliorative technology for hard saline-sodic and sodic soils

Cited by 41 publications

References 12 publications

Economic Analysis on Desalination Technology for Saline Agricultural Land on the Basis of Crop Production

Economic Analysis on Desalination Technology for Saline Agricultural Land on the Basis of Crop Production

Modélisation du transfert de l’eau et des sels dans les casiers rizicoles du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal

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