The global challenge of rural-urban transformationDuring the last two decades the benefits, risks, negative externalities, and future social-ecological challenges of urban and (peri-) urban agriculture (UPA) have received increasing attention (Lydecker and Drechsel 2010;Safi and Buerkert 2011;Drechsel and Keraita 2014;Thebo et al. 2014). A main cause for this attention is the growing awareness of rapid ruralurban transformation processes that are changing matter flows, resource allocation, and ecosystem functioning as a consequence of strong shifts in the distribution of people along the rural-urban gradient (Cumming et al. 2014;Angel et al. 2005). It has been estimated that by 2050 the share of the global urban population may reach 68% compared with 55% today (United Nations 2017). Given continuing population growth, this phenomenon, in absolute numbers, entails