Horizontal Burning Rates of Fabrics with Low Add-Ons of Fire Retardant

Abstract

Plain-weave, scoured, and bleached cotton (103 g/m 2 ) and polyester/cotton (92 g/m 2 ) fabrics were treated with two durable, fire-retardant, durable-press finishes. The retardants were based on Fyrol 76® (contained phosphorus) and Caliban® F/R P®-44 (contained bromine). Oxygen index (OI) and horizontal burning rates at atmospheric oxygen concentration were studied with emphasis on fabrics with low add-ons of the retardants.OI values increased as add-ons increased; however, the OI values were increased about twice as much by 2% add-on at low levels of add-on as with 2% at high levels of add-on. Rate of burning of both type fabrics was greatly affected by very low add-ons of the retardant. The burning rate of cotton with about 1 to 3% add-on was increased as much as 58%; that of the polyester/cotton was increased 24%. The increased burning rate is apparently related to theamount of cotton in the fabric. Polyester/cotton (PE/C) fabric required substantially less retardant than cotton to become self-extinguishing in the horizontal position.

Combustion Study of Synergism of Urea-Sodium Polymetaphosphate on the Flame-Retardancy of a Cotton Fabric Monitored by TG

“…Concerning the combined action of this synergism Table 1, set 8 illustrates that: Inadequate amounts of synergistic additive decrease the burning time and therefore increase the burning rate. These outcome, agrees with the general trend reported by Reeves and Hammons [27] .…”

Comparison between the selected hydroxides of groups IA and IIA as flame retardants for cotton fabrics

“…The experimental results listed in Table 1 show that inadequate amounts of hydroxides decrease the burning times and, hence, increase the burning rates, which agrees with the general trend reported by Reeves and Hammons [6]. These results are explained by the catalytic action of such additives helping oxidation of carbon residues.…”

A Thermogravimetric Study of Cotton Fabric Flame‐Retardancy by Means of Impregnation with Red Phosphorus

“…This outcome is in compliance with the scientific literature suggested by Reeves and Hammons. 22 They stated that inefficient quantities of certain flame-retardant finishes accelerated the burning process, i.e., a decrease in burning duration and an increase in the burning rate were the outcome. Actually the fabrics impregnated with red phosphorus followed this phenomenon.…”