Horizontal bridges in polar dielectric liquids

Woisetschläger, Jakob; Wexler, Adam D.; Holler, Gert; Eisenhut, Mathias; Gatterer, Karl; Fuchs, Elmar

doi:10.1007/s00348-011-1216-x

Cited by 39 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The possibility of charge injection at sharp edges also exists and is consistent with the formation of heterocharge layers which generate electroconvective currents in the liquid bulk 22 thus linking the liquid bridge system with the Sumoto effect 12 . The governing EHD relationships for bridges are extensively covered elsewhere for water and other polar liquids 22,[36][37][38] . These theoretical approaches suffer certain limitations which should be considered when approaching experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This polarization gives rise to a displacement force which depending on the relative intensity of the applied field will generate a number of different liquid responses (see Figures 4-7) eventually resulting in the formation of a bridge. The liquid will also develop a Taylor flow 22,36 along the electrode surfaces especially in cases where there is a sharp edge present on the electrodes. The possibility of charge injection at sharp edges also exists and is consistent with the formation of heterocharge layers which generate electroconvective currents in the liquid bulk 22 thus linking the liquid bridge system with the Sumoto effect 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liquid will also develop a Taylor flow 22,36 along the electrode surfaces especially in cases where there is a sharp edge present on the electrodes. The possibility of charge injection at sharp edges also exists and is consistent with the formation of heterocharge layers which generate electroconvective currents in the liquid bulk 22 thus linking the liquid bridge system with the Sumoto effect 12 . The governing EHD relationships for bridges are extensively covered elsewhere for water and other polar liquids 22,[36][37][38] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more general treatment of liquid bridges in polar solvents 19,22 provides the combined pressure terms operating with the bridge to predict the forces governing flow dynamics in the context of a modified Bernoulli equation with electric displacement terms added to the pressure term. In addition the Onsager relationship for ion stability 24 is incorporated in agreement with experimental observations on equilibrium pumping direction and thermal emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-polar dielectric liquids (e.g., hexane) do not exhibit bridge formation. The dielectric liquids capable of supporting bridges thus far studied 8,22,37 lie within a well-defined group of physical parameters that establish a good starting point for further experimentation: low conductivity (σ < 5 μS/cm), moderate static relative permittivity (ε = 20-80), moderate to high surface tension (γ = 21-72 mN/m). Interestingly a wide range of viscosities (η = 0.3-987 mPa·sec) work in such bridges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Wexler

Sáenz

Schreer

et al. 2014

JoVE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Horizontal and vertical liquid bridges are simple and powerful tools for exploring the interaction of high intensity electric fields (8-20 kV/cm) and polar dielectric liquids. These bridges are unique from capillary bridges in that they exhibit extensibility beyond a few millimeters, have complex bi-directional mass transfer patterns, and emit non-Planck infrared radiation. A number of common solvents can form such bridges as well as low conductivity solutions and colloidal suspensions. The macroscopic behavior is governed by electrohydrodynamics and provides a means of studying fluid flow phenomena without the presence of rigid walls. Prior to the onset of a liquid bridge several important phenomena can be observed including advancing meniscus height (electrowetting), bulk fluid circulation (the Sumoto effect), and the ejection of charged droplets (electrospray). The interaction between surface, polarization, and displacement forces can be directly examined by varying applied voltage and bridge length. The electric field, assisted by gravity, stabilizes the liquid bridge against Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities. Construction of basic apparatus for both vertical and horizontal orientation along with operational examples, including thermographic images, for three liquids (e.g., water, DMSO, and glycerol) is presented.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Wexler

Sáenz

Schreer

et al. 2014

JoVE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Fluid Ferroelectric Filaments

Máthé,

Perera,

Buka

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Freestanding slender fluid filaments of room‐temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals are described. They are stabilized either by internal electric fields of bound charges formed due to polarization splay or by external voltage applied between suspending wires. The phenomenon is similar to those observed in dielectric fluids, such as deionized water, except that in ferroelectric nematic materials the voltages required are three orders of magnitudes smaller and the aspect ratio is much higher. The observed ferroelectric fluid threads are not only unique and novel but also offer measurements of basic physical quantities, such as the ferroelectric polarization and viscosity. Ferroelectric nematic fluid threads may have practical applications in nano‐fluidic micron‐size logic devices, switches, and relays.

show abstract

Lowering of Electrostatic Actuator Driving Voltage and Increasing Generated Force Using Spontaneous Polarization of Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals

Nishimura

Masuyama

Shimizu

et al. 2022

Advanced Physics Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although electrostatic actuators have a simple structure and are lightweight, their range of application is limited because a high applied voltage of more than several kilovolts is required for practical use. Since the force acting between the electrodes of an electrostatic actuator is determined by the electric charge accumulated at the electrode/dielectric interface, the focus is on spontaneous polarization of ferroelectrics to increase the charge. As the ferroelectric material, a nematic liquid crystal material with a spontaneous polarization of 5 μC cm −2 is used. It is demonstrated that a force of 1.3 N is generated at an applied electric field of 0.5 MV m −1 . This force is 1200 times higher than that for standard paraelectric materials with a dielectric constant of ten. Further, the generated force responds linearly to the applied voltage, whereas it is proportional to the square of the applied voltage for paraelectric materials. The actuator function of this ferroelectric is examined using a double-helical coil electrode fabricated using a 3D printer. It can be successfully operated at a voltage of several tens of volts. Under an electric field of 0.25 MV m −1 , a remarkable contraction of 6.3 mm occurs, corresponding to 19% of the original length.

show abstract

Horizontal bridges in polar dielectric liquids

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Fluid Ferroelectric Filaments

Lowering of Electrostatic Actuator Driving Voltage and Increasing Generated Force Using Spontaneous Polarization of Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About