Horizontal bone augmentation by means of guided bone regeneration

Abstract

The development of bone augmentation procedures has allowed placement of dental implants into jaw bone areas lacking an amount of bone sufficient for standard implant placement. Thus, the indications for implants have broadened to include jaw regions with bone defects and those with a bone anatomy that is unfavorable for implant anchorage. Of the different techniques, the best documented and the most widely used method to augment bone in localized alveolar defects is guided bone regeneration. A large body of evidence has demonstrated the successful use of guided bone regeneration to regenerate missing bone at implant sites with insufficient bone volume and the long-term success of implants placed simultaneously with, or after, guided bone regeneration. However, the influence of guided bone regeneration on implant survival and success rates, and the long-term stability of the augmented bone, remain unknown. Many of the materials and techniques currently available for bone regeneration of alveolar ridge defects were developed many years ago. Recently, various new materials and techniques have been introduced. Many of them have, however, not been sufficiently documented in clinical studies. The aim of this review was to present the scientific basis of guided bone regeneration and the accepted clinical procedures. A classification of bone defects has been presented, aiming at simplifying the decision-making process regarding the choice of strategy for bone augmentation. Finally, an outlook into actual research and the possible future options related to bone augmentation has been provided.

Maxillary sinus floor pneumatization and alveolar ridge resorption after tooth loss: a cross-sectional study

“…1,2,3,4 In posterior regions of the upper jaw, maxillary sinus approximation may be present and such event, in combination with bone loss, can difficult implant installation in these sites.…”

Comparative Efficacies of a 3D-Printed PCL/PLGA/β-TCP Membrane and a Titanium Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs

“…Of the variety of different barrier membrane materials [11] that have been used for successful GBR, extended polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) [12,13] and titanium mesh [14] are widely accepted in the clinical setting as non-resorbable membranes that induce minimal immunologic reactions and have excellent space-making ability. However, they require a second surgery for membrane removal and have a high risk of premature membrane exposure [6,11]. On the other hand, resorbable collagen [15] does not require a second surgery and shows excellent hemostasis, early wound stabilization, and provides chemotaxis for fibroblasts, but its limitations include unfavorable mechanical properties, lack of space-making ability due to rapid degradation, and early loss of barrier function [11,14].…”

“…In clinical cases of limited alveolar bone defect treatment, guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been most frequently documented and is reportedly the most commonly used [5][6][7].…”

“…For long-term prognoses and for acceptable aesthetic and functional outcomes for implant-supported restorations, sufficient bone must be provided to recipient sites [4][5][6].…”

Novel Bioabsorbable Bovine Derived Atelo-Collagen Type I Membrane: Characterization into Host Tissues

“…GTR was later adapted in the field of periodontology to guide tissue regeneration in the periodontium in cases where large periodontal lesions (intrabony defects). Subsequently, these principles were introduced in 1990 by Buser et al providing generation of newly formed bone for dental implants by inserting a barrier membrane in a pure bone defect site [2]. Both GTR and GBR techniques rely on their space maintenance ability and often defects are filled with a bone grafting material.…”