Homotypic and Heterotypic Serum Isotype–Specific Antibody Responses to Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein 4 and Viral Protein (VP) 4, VP6, and VP7 in Infants Who Received Selected Live Oral Rotavirus Vaccines

Abstract

Homotypic and heterotypic serum isotype-specific antibody responses to rotavirus enterotoxin nonstructural protein (NSP)-4, independent neutralization antigens viral protein (VP)-4 and VP7, and group A rotavirus common antigen VP6 were analyzed by an immunocytochemistry assay in infants who received 1 of several live oral rotavirus vaccines. Significant serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG antibody responses to homotypic and/or heterotypic NSP4s of genotype [A], [B], or [C] were detected after vaccination. The magnitude of antibody responses to homotypic and heterotypic NSP4s was not significantly different, irrespective of the NSP4 genotype of the administered vaccine strain. In addition, there were no significant differences between IgA antibody responses to homotypic and heterotypic VP7s. In contrast, IgA antibody responses to VP4 were predominantly homotypic. IgA antibody responses to VP7 were lower in magnitude than those to VP4 but were comparable to those to NSP4. Antibody titers to homotypic and/or heterotypic NSP4s were positively correlated with those to VP6 before and after vaccination.

Correlates of protection for rotavirus vaccines: Possible alternative trial endpoints, opportunities, and challenges

“…50 A preliminary study has been performed in children to evaluate the response of vaccinees to different RV antigens in this system. 92 Measurement of antibodies specific for recombinant RV proteins with the DELFIA technology is also a promising approach in this perspective. 93 Finally, taking into account several recent papers 94 95,96 that have shown RV-specific recognition of neutral oligosaccharides of the histo-blood group family, and antibodies that block binding of noroviruses to these receptors correlate with protection, 97 it is important to determine if this is the case for RV.…”

Pathogenesis and Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Calves after Infection with the Genogroup II.4-HS66 Strain of Human Norovirus

“…An immunocytochemistry assay was performed to detect HuNoV-HS66-specific Abs in the serum and IC of Gn calves, as previously described (54). For this assay a recombinant baculovirus expressing HS66 capsid was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells as the HuNoV antigen source and the recombinant baculovirus-infected cells or mock-infected cells were subsequently fixed using 10% formalin in PBS.…”

Cytokine and Antibody Responses in Gnotobiotic Pigs after Infection with Human Norovirus Genogroup II.4 (HS66 Strain)

“…An immunocytochemistry assay was performed to detect HS66-specific antibodies in the serum and IC of Gn pigs, as previously described (44). For this assay a recombinant baculovirus expressing HS66 capsid was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells as the HuNoV antigen source, and the recombinant baculovirus-infected cells or mock-infected cells were subsequently fixed using 10% formalin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).…”