2010
DOI: 10.1007/s00208-010-0536-0
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Homotopy invariants of Gauss words

Abstract: Abstract. By defining combinatorial moves, we can define an equivalence relation on Gauss words called homotopy. In this paper we define a homotopy invariant of Gauss words. We use this to show that there exist Gauss words that are not homotopically equivalent to the empty Gauss word, disproving a conjecture by Turaev. In fact, we show that there are an infinite number of equivalence classes of Gauss words under homotopy.

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Cited by 23 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Examples of nontrivial free knots were independently (a little later) obtained by Gibson in [67]. Moreover, due to this theorem, one can construct infinitely many odd irreducible free knots whose minimal diagrams differ from each other.…”
Section: Parity In Knot Theorymentioning
confidence: 95%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Examples of nontrivial free knots were independently (a little later) obtained by Gibson in [67]. Moreover, due to this theorem, one can construct infinitely many odd irreducible free knots whose minimal diagrams differ from each other.…”
Section: Parity In Knot Theorymentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Note that free knots and links are also called homotopy classes of Gauss words and phrases (first suggested by Turaev, see [67,215,216]). This is due to the fact that the Gauss diagrams can be encoded by words (see Sec.…”
Section: Parity In Knot Theorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Параллельно и независимо (несколько позднее) примеры нетривиальных сво-бодных узлов были получены Э. Гибсоном в работе [11].…”
Section: § 1 введениеunclassified
“…Free knots were introduced by Turaev [21] under the name of homotopy classes of Gaussian words. In this same paper he put forward the conjecture that free knots are trivial; this was first refuted by the author in [14] and later by Gibson in [7].…”
Section: Introduction Basic Conceptsmentioning
confidence: 98%