“…Fluid-structure interaction simulations have been applied to a vast range of applications in recent years. Applications have included parachutes [117,132] and other cloth dynamics [111,129], singing hydrofoils [104], nuclear reactor steam generator tube bundles [113], bridges [88], rotor dynamics [68], shape optimization studies [90], and a vast number of biomedical applications including arterial blood flow [43,48,60,105,128,135,136,153], aortic heart valves [27,25,28,26,142], heart and ventricle [64,81,84,86], lung modeling [144], and aortic aneurysms [35,83,130,149]. Surprisingly, very few of these investigations performed verification and validation studies of their FSI solvers.…”