Abstract:SUMMARYA ÿnite-element study of two-and three-dimensional incompressible viscoelastic ows in a planar lid-driven cavity and concentric rotating cylinders is presented. The hardware platforms consist of both homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters of workstations. A semi-implicit time-stepping TaylorGalerkin scheme is employed using the message passing mechanism provided by the Parallel Virtual Machine libraries. DEC-alpha, Intel Solaris and AMD-K7(Athlon) Linux clusters are utilized. Parallel results are compar… Show more
“…To compute numerical solutions in primary variables of velocity, pressure and stress, we follow equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Here, this involves a parallelised timemarching finite element algorithm.…”
Section: Parallel Numerical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, this involves a parallelised timemarching finite element algorithm. This algorithm follows a so-called fractionalstaged semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction scheme, par-TGPC [3,5,10,11]. In this algorithm temporal domain discretisation is achieved adopting a Taylor series expansion in time, prior to spatial discretisation.…”
Section: Parallel Numerical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…That work demonstrated change in vortex patterns with rise in inertia and also the influence of elasticity. In our previous viscoelastic studies [5], we utilised two different types of Phan-Thien/Tanner models (linear, LPTT, and exponential, EPPT) for two sets of material parameters. For model fluids (low elasticity number), this allowed us to incorporate independently shear-thinning, strain-softening/hardening and elastic properties, and compare their relative influence upon flow behaviour, localised rate-ofwork and power consumption.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For our parallel implementations, we ensure uniform load distribution between sub-problems, using a Recursive Spectral Bisection (RSB) domain decomposition technique, and appeal to PVM as our preferred message passing protocol. In this fashion, both homogeneous and heterogeneous network-clusters of work-stations have been tested, on two different Unix operating systems (Linux and Solaris [5,3]). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Parallel efficiency close to linear was achieved. In a further article [5], we described how the algorithm was implemented in parallel via FORTRAN 90 code for viscoelastic fluids using differential constitutive models of single-mode type. There, we dealt with three-dimensional flows, both within lid-driven cavities and between concentric rotating cylinders.…”
Complex rotational flows of non-Newtonian fluids are simulated through finite element methods. The predictions have direct relevance to dough kneading, associated with the food industry. The context is taken as two-dimensional and one of stirring material within a cylindrical vessel. Three stirrer shapes are considered, placed in eccentric location with respect to the cylinder centre. The motion is driven by the rotation of the outer vessel wall. Variation with change in rheology and change in stirrer shapes are analysed, with respect to flow kinematics, stress fields, rate-of-work and power consumed. Computations are performed for Newtonian, shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluids, at various viscosity levels to gradually approximate more realistic dough-like response. For viscoelastic fluids, Phan-Thien/Tanner constitutive models are adopted. The numerical method employed is based on a finite element semi-implicit time-stepping Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction scheme, posed in a cylindrical polar coordinate system. Simulations are conducted via distributed parallel processing, performed on a networked cluster of workstations, employing message passing. Parallel performance timings are compared against those obtained working in sequential mode. Ideal linear speed-up with the number of processors is observed for viscoelastic flows under this coarse-grained implementation.
“…To compute numerical solutions in primary variables of velocity, pressure and stress, we follow equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Here, this involves a parallelised timemarching finite element algorithm.…”
Section: Parallel Numerical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, this involves a parallelised timemarching finite element algorithm. This algorithm follows a so-called fractionalstaged semi-implicit Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction scheme, par-TGPC [3,5,10,11]. In this algorithm temporal domain discretisation is achieved adopting a Taylor series expansion in time, prior to spatial discretisation.…”
Section: Parallel Numerical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…That work demonstrated change in vortex patterns with rise in inertia and also the influence of elasticity. In our previous viscoelastic studies [5], we utilised two different types of Phan-Thien/Tanner models (linear, LPTT, and exponential, EPPT) for two sets of material parameters. For model fluids (low elasticity number), this allowed us to incorporate independently shear-thinning, strain-softening/hardening and elastic properties, and compare their relative influence upon flow behaviour, localised rate-ofwork and power consumption.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For our parallel implementations, we ensure uniform load distribution between sub-problems, using a Recursive Spectral Bisection (RSB) domain decomposition technique, and appeal to PVM as our preferred message passing protocol. In this fashion, both homogeneous and heterogeneous network-clusters of work-stations have been tested, on two different Unix operating systems (Linux and Solaris [5,3]). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Parallel efficiency close to linear was achieved. In a further article [5], we described how the algorithm was implemented in parallel via FORTRAN 90 code for viscoelastic fluids using differential constitutive models of single-mode type. There, we dealt with three-dimensional flows, both within lid-driven cavities and between concentric rotating cylinders.…”
Complex rotational flows of non-Newtonian fluids are simulated through finite element methods. The predictions have direct relevance to dough kneading, associated with the food industry. The context is taken as two-dimensional and one of stirring material within a cylindrical vessel. Three stirrer shapes are considered, placed in eccentric location with respect to the cylinder centre. The motion is driven by the rotation of the outer vessel wall. Variation with change in rheology and change in stirrer shapes are analysed, with respect to flow kinematics, stress fields, rate-of-work and power consumed. Computations are performed for Newtonian, shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluids, at various viscosity levels to gradually approximate more realistic dough-like response. For viscoelastic fluids, Phan-Thien/Tanner constitutive models are adopted. The numerical method employed is based on a finite element semi-implicit time-stepping Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction scheme, posed in a cylindrical polar coordinate system. Simulations are conducted via distributed parallel processing, performed on a networked cluster of workstations, employing message passing. Parallel performance timings are compared against those obtained working in sequential mode. Ideal linear speed-up with the number of processors is observed for viscoelastic flows under this coarse-grained implementation.
The numerical simulation of two‐dimensional incompressible complex flows of viscoelastic fluids is presented. The context is one, relevant to the food industry (dough kneading), of stirring within a cylindrical vessel, where stirrers are attached to the lid of the vessel. The motion is driven by the rotation of the outer vessel wall, with various stirrer locations. With a single stirrer, both a concentric and an eccentric configuration are considered. A double‐stirrer eccentric case, with two symmetrically arranged stirrers, is also contrasted against the above. A parallel numerical method is adopted, based on a finite element semi‐implicit time‐stepping Taylor‐Galerkin/pressure‐correction scheme. For viscoelastic fluids, constant viscosity Oldroyd‐B and two shear‐thinning Phan‐Thien/Tanner constitutive models are employed. Both linear and exponential models at two different material parameters are considered. This permits a comparison of various stress, shear and extensional properties and their respective influences upon the flow fields generated. Variation with increasing speed of vessel and change in mixer geometry are analysed with respect to the flow kinematics and stress fields produced. Optimal kneading scenarios are commended with asymmetrical stirrer positioning, one‐stirrer proving better than two. Then, models with enhanced strain‐hardening, amplify levels of localised maxima in rate‐of‐work done per unit power consumed. Simulations are conducted via distributed parallel processing, performed on work‐station clusters, employing a conventional message passing protocol (PVM). Parallel results are compared against those obtained on a single processor (sequential computation). Ideal linear speed‐up with the number of processors has been observed.
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