Hominin homelands of East Java: Revised stratigraphy and landscape reconstructions for Plio-Pleistocene Trinil

Berghuis, H.W.K.; Veldkamp, A.; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Hilgen, Sander L.; Sutisna, Indra; Barianto, Didit Hadi; Pop, Eduard; Reimann, Tony; Yurnaldi, Dida; Ekowati, Dian Rahayu; Vonhof, Hubert; Kolfschoten, Thijs van; Simanjuntak, Truman; Schoorl, J.M.; Joordens, Josephine C.A.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106912

Cited by 14 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The record of the left-bank excavations at Trinil, as presented here, contradicts Berghuis et al (2021) suggestion that strata excavated on the left bank were valley fill as young as the twenty-meter ∼0.1 Ma terrace remnant at Ngandong. Additionally, the main bonebed Trinil fauna (Table 3) correlates on biostratigraphic criteria with ∼0.8-0.9 Ma beds at Sangiran Dome (e.g., Grenzbank and Ngebung bonebeds, Trinil and Ngandong faunas Tables 5 and 6-G and 6-H), not the early Late Pleistocene Ngandong fauna (Tables 4 and 5-A and 5-B).…”

Section: Summary Conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Regarding the right bank around the Selenka and Survey excavations, Berghuis et al (2021) see prominent south-dip in the Kabuh-Pucangan (their Trinil and Batu Gajah Formations) as opposed to the flat-lying beds reported. Berghuis et al correctly recognize the flat-structural attitude of the post- HK sequence on the left bank, but do not give substantial evidence for interpreting the sequence there as Late Pleistocene valley fill.…”

Section: Left-bank Geologymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…There, they report ∼9m of fill (T4) atop inclined strata 10m above the river, and also, 11m of fill (T2) on dipping beds at 2.5m above the river. In these relations, Berghuis et al (2021: Figures 2 and 3) see the multiple incision-infill cycles critical to their interpretation. Each of their fills (T4-T2) is specified to have a horizontal base, scarp-like sides and an aggradational top, but no field illustrations of such bases and scarps are provided.…”

Section: Left-bank Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…135, Watanabe and Kadar 1985, and, multiple unpublished geological studies conducted for petroleum exploration, such as those used by Huffman et al 2000). Other paleogeographic representations of the region are in Berghuis et al (2021), Djubiantono (1992), Djubiantono and Sémah (1993), Lunt (2013), Rizal et al (2020), Sartono (1976) and Zaim (1989Zaim ( , 2010. 1b and 13) strongly suggest that archaic hominins occupied or frequented parts of eastern Java where none of their fossils have been discovered, including the Kendeng Hills, Rembang Hills, Southern Mountains (Huffman 1999b(Huffman , 2001a; also, S I Figure 22).…”

Section: -B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and discovery record of the Trinil Pithecanthropus erectus site, Java

Huffman

Berkhout²,

Albers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The scientific utility of Eugène Dubois' Pithecanthropus erectus (P.e.) Skullcap (Trinil 1), Femur I (Trinil 3) and associated paleontological specimens has been impaired for over a century by questions about their provenience. Firsthand accounts and contemporaneous field photographs, presented here, extensively document the site geology and discovery history. The P.e. specimens and numerous-other fossils were unearthed in 1891- 1893 from small excavations dug into a flat-lying bonebed exposed near the seasonal low water level of the Solo River along its incised left embankment. Dubois' on-site supervisors specified that the two P.e. fossils came from a ~0.2-m-thick bonebed subunit traced at a single elevation for ~12m from the 1891 Skullcap pit (~30m 2 ) to the 1892 Femur-discovery excavation and across an enlarged 1892-1893 trench (~170m 2 ). The depositional co-occurrence of the finds is supported by key documentation: the supervisors' letters to Dubois about Femur I; his initial reporting to the Indies government; 1892-1893 accounts about expanding excavation of the Femur I stratum; Dubois' 1891 1893 government submissions and 1894-1896 publications; confirmation by the Selenka Expedition in 1907-1908; Dubois' annotations on unpublished site photographs; and a letter he wrote the year he died. Field studies in the 1930s to 1970s confirmed the essential aspects of the site geology. The bonebed of 1891-1893 contained fossils referable to the extinct Trinil fauna species Axis lydekkeri, Duboisia santeng and Stegodon trigonocephalus. The Selenka Expedition excavations had a similar assemblage in the same stratigraphic position which they named the Hauptknochenschicht. The bonebed was thin bioclast-rich gravelly volcaniclastic sandstone with taphonomic and sedimentary features indicating an unusual origin. Bioclasts range from proboscidean craniums and logs to rat teeth, freshwater mollusc shells and leaves. The terrestrial-vertebrate skeletal elements are overwhelmingly disarticulated and frequently broken. Their surfaces are little-abraded by fluvial transport. The bone fossilization is quite uniform. More than one-hundred ungulate individuals perished. No evidence has been found of hominin- or terrestrial-carnivore involvement. The bioclasts varied in density from place-to-place and vertically, and were matrix supported in the bonebed. No substantial internal depositional hiatus was reported. In combination with Trinil's paleogeographic context, these features implicate a catastrophic mortality of ungulates in a population aggregation along the floodplain of a perennial paleo-river, followed by lahar-flood transport and deposition of gravel-size lithic- and biotic-materials. Trinil provides evidence favoring a broad archaic-hominin presence in southern Sundaland. The Trinil fauna is a lynch-pin in a long-lasting paleobiogeographic association between H. erectus and certain lineages of large bovids, cervids, proboscideans, rhinoceros, suids and tiger. The bonebed's paleogeographic setting exemplifies the stratovolcanic drainages that H. erectus occupied for >0.8 million years in Java, including the watershed of a marine delta ~150km east of Trinil, a volcanic island ~100km north of Trinil, and areas to its west for 500km (where species associated with Trinil H. erectus occur). In the Java Sea (Sunda Shelf), seismic data image immense Pleistocene river- and coastal-terranes which archaic hominins and other large-mammals, like those at Trinil, might have inhabited.

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Section: Summary Conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Left-bank Geologymentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Left-bank Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and discovery record of the Trinil Pithecanthropus erectus site, Java

Huffman

Berkhout²,

Albers

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In this cultural area, there are also business activities that are wrapped in local wisdom that has been practiced by the community, as well as economic activities based on sharia. (Berghuis et al, 2021;Pratiwi et al, 2021) In the economic sector in many villages, most of them are inhabited by students through entrepreneurial activities in various economic sectors in the form of traditional and nontraditional markets. All are managed independently by students or the community, most of whom come from a pesantren education background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Santri, Local Wisdom, and Digital Transformation Affect Community Empowerment?

Kunaifi

Fikriyah

Aliyah

2021

ijss

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Santri is an unique person in a various economic activities. In the mix of local wisdom that is thick with spiritual values and wrapped in the dynamics of the use of digital technology, students are seen as having a real influence in realizing community empowerment in the economic field. This article aims to describe the role of santri through local wisdom and the use of digital technology in creating community empowerment. To get accurate and up-to-date information, observations and collect information has done by interviewed to santri about their strategies in dealing with economic problems in the regency as well as tips on utilizing digital technology. Furthermore, the information is checked with primary sources in the form of community members to measure the effectiveness of the role of the santri. The analysis and discussion of the data was carried out qualitatively with the phenomenological approach of the Madurese community. The research findings in this article show that there is a collaboration of the attitude and mentality of students in the midst of society with personal capital of independence, honesty, and work ethic. In terms of using digital technology, they are also able to adapt quickly and precisely. Thus, this research is expected to be able to provide a complete and accurate description of the existence and role of santri in creating community empowerment in the economic field, so that regulatory and policymakers can determine priorities in regional and national development.

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