Home energy management systems: A review of modelling and complexity

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThe increasing demand for electricity and the emergence of smart grids have presented new opportunities for home energy management systems (HEMS) in demand response markets. HEMS are demand response tools that shift and curtail demand to improve the energy consumption and production profile of a dwelling on behalf of a consumer. HEMS usually create optimal consumption and production schedules by considering multiple objectives such as energy costs, environmental concerns, load profiles, and consumer comfort.The existing literature has presented several methods, such as mathematical optimization, model predictive control, and heuristic control, for creating efficient operation schedules and for making good consumption and production decisions. However, the effectiveness of the methods in the existing literature can be difficult to compare due to diversity in modelling parameters, such as appliance models, timing parameters, and objectives.The present paper provides a comparative analysis of the literature on HEMS, with a focus on modelling approaches and their impact on HEMS operations and outcomes. In particular, we discuss a set of HEMS challenges such as forecast uncertainty, modelling device heterogeneity, multi-objective scheduling, computational limitations, timing considerations, and modelling consumer well-being.The presented work is organized to allow a reader to understand and compare the important considerations, approaches, nomenclature, and results in prominent and new literary works without delving deeply into each one.

SmartCoM: Smart Consumption Management Architecture for Providing a User-Friendly Smart Home based on Metering and Computational Intelligence

“…Some are described in [6] and [7], and others are similar to those set out in this paper. A HEMS, that is able to manage household appliances and lighting (by collecting consumption data), is described in [8].…”

The Determination of Load Profiles and Power Consumptions of Home Appliances

“…In addition, SGs give the opportunity for consumers to operate demand response programs independently so that the optimal matching between source and load can be spread to each region of the horizontal time axis by considering consumer habits. In the beginning, demand response was supposed as a change in normal consumption demand taking into account the decrease or increase of the electrical energy production [5]. Initial demand response programs were used to control loads at peak times in the United States [6].…”

Reduced Ecological Footprints of Modern Facilities Introducing the Implementation of Advanced Wireless Technologies, and Human Resources’ Benefits

“…As energy needs are constantly arising (with the consequent necessity of upgrading or building new power facilities contributing to new considerable gasses emissions), it is too hard at the same time to merely expand power plants and to add more generator units because the conclusion would be the production of undesirable emissions (e.g. CO 2 ). Other facilities of producing energy such as nuclear power plants (apart from requiring very strict safety measures against radiation containment) introduce the danger of irreversibly polluting the environment.…”

“…Other facilities of producing energy such as nuclear power plants (apart from requiring very strict safety measures against radiation containment) introduce the danger of irreversibly polluting the environment. Consequently, reduced energy consumption schemes would help towards decreased power consumption [1] [2].…”