Holographic fabrication of octagon graded photonic supercrystal and potential applications in topological photonics

Broadband Absorption in Patterned Metal/Weakly-Absorbing-Spacer/Metal with Graded Photonic Super-Crystal

“…The radii of the cylinders decrease and then increase along the golden arrow, while they increase and then decrease along the dashed orange arrow. The GPSC can be obtained by interference lithography [32][33][34][35][36] or e-beam lithography [42]. The E-beam exposure control program used the interference pattern as an input [42].…”

“…A recently discovered graded photonic super-crystal (GPSC) can have a very large unit super-cell with two sets of motifs: the rod size (or hole size) decreases gradually along one direction in one set of motifs while the other set increases their sizes gradually [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The spatially gradient motifs are arranged on a square lattice with a small period, and graded regions in GPSC have a large period and their own symmetry.…”

“…The spatially gradient motifs are arranged on a square lattice with a small period, and graded regions in GPSC have a large period and their own symmetry. The GPSC can have dual period and dual symmetry [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Due to the gradient two-set motifs in the unit supercell, GPSCs can be used to enhance the broadband light trapping in an Si solar cell and broadband light extraction from an organic light emitting diode [37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…Due to the gradient two-set motifs in the unit supercell, GPSCs can be used to enhance the broadband light trapping in an Si solar cell and broadband light extraction from an organic light emitting diode [37][38][39][40][41]. Various GPSCs with different symmetries and unit super-cells have been fabricated through interference lithography by two sets of multiple beams arranged in a cone geometry [32][33][34][35][36].…”