Holocene tsunami, storm, and relative sea level records obtained from the southern Hidaka coast, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi, Ryo; Okamura, S.; Yokoyama, Yūsuke; Miyairi, Yosuke; Sagayama, Tsumoru; Ashi, Juichiro

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106678

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The age–depth model was constructed from 14 C dating of the peat layers and the Us‐b and B‐Tm tephras of known ages (Figure 4). This model is also consistent with the reported ages of the Ta‐c2 tephras (Ishizawa et al., 2017; Nakanishi, Okamura, et al., 2020). The accumulation rate was constant (0.14 mm/yr), which indicated continuous deposition of peat layers.…”

Section: Description Of Tsunami Depositssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the Utoma area, which is located on the southern Hidaka coast, the depositional ages are comparable in the four sand layers, except for U3 (sand layer interpreted as a tsunami deposit in Utoma: Nakanishi, Okamura, et al., 2020), and the OVLs range from 0.26 to 0.81 (Table 2). The geological record in Utoma is currently limited to the period before 2,000 BP.…”

Section: Correlation Of Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Depositional ages of sand layers in the Hidaka and Tokachi regions (Ishizawa et al., 2017; Nakanishi, Okamura, et al., 2020). The depositional ages are presented as probability density functions.…”

Section: Correlation Of Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi

Ashi

Miyairi

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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With their complex cycles and rupture modes, infrequent megathrust earthquakes require a high‐resolution spatiotemporal record of tsunami inundations over thousands of years to provide more accurate long‐term forecasts. The geological record suggests that Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench occurred at intervals of several hundred years. However, uncertainties remain regarding the rupture zone, owing to the limited survey areas and chronological data. Therefore, we investigated the tsunami deposits in a coastal wetland of southeastern Hokkaido, Japan, to characterize the tsunamis that originated from the Kuril Trench over the last 4,000 years. On the Erimo coast, more than seven sand layers exhibited common features of tsunami deposits, such as sheet distributions of several hundred meters, normal grading structures, and sharp basal contacts. According to numerical tsunami simulations, the 17th‐century sand layer could be reproduced using a multiple rupture zone model (Mw ∼ 8.8). We used high‐resolution radiocarbon dating and tephras to correlate the tsunami deposits from the last 4,000 years with those reported from regions ∼100 km away. The tsunami history revealed here shows good agreement with the histories of adjacent regions. However, the paleotsunamis reported to have occurred in regions >200 km away include events that differ from those in this study, suggesting a diversity of Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Kuril Trench. We clarified the history and extents of earthquake‐generated tsunamis along the southwestern end of the Kuril Trench, which were previously unknown. Our results provide a framework for magnitude estimations and long‐term forecasts of earthquakes.

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Section: Description Of Tsunami Depositssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Correlation Of Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

Nakanishi

Ashi

Miyairi

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…3A，産出した珪藻種を Table 2，その産出割合を Fig. 11 12) ．さらに Ta3 および Na1 は，北海道東部の 2200-2400 年前頃 (Nanayama et al, 2007;Sawai et al, 2009) ，北海道日高地方南部の 2300-2400 年前頃 (Nakanishi et al, 2020) ，岩手県の 2300 年前頃および 2800 年前頃のイベント (高田ほか, 2016) と年代が近く，下北半島では 2900 -4800 年前頃のイベント (Tanigawa et al, 2014) も知られている (Fig. 12)…”

Section: -1unclassified

北海道津軽海峡沿岸域で認められたイベント堆積物

Kase

Kawakami

Koyasu

et al. 2022

Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan

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Geological records of tsunamis along the Tsugaru Strait in southwestern Hokkaido, Japan, were investigated. Event deposits were identified in lowland peat at four survey sites located 100-450 m from the present coastline and 2.2-6.6 m above the present sea level. The event deposits are several centimeters thick and consist of well-sorted fine-to medium-grained sand. Based on radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, the sedimentary ages of the event deposits were determined to be 589-516, 734-670, 1656-1538, 1745-1639, 2401-2265, and 2771-2618 cal yBP. Comparison of the clastic composition and roundness of the event deposits with those of nearby beach and river sands revealed that most of the provenance of the event deposits are beach sands. Whereas, some of the event deposits were sourced from volcanic-ash sands, which were distinct from both beach and river sands. The chemical compositions of volcanic glasses and mineral grains indicate that the volcanic ash did not originate from any known Quaternary tephra in this region. Considering the source of the event deposits, as well as the inundation distance from the coastline and the infrequency of events, the event deposits were likely formed by tsunamis. Volcanic-ash sands may have been widespread in the seafloor beyond the foreshore and were transported by tsunamis. From the sedimentary ages and depositional rates of event deposits and peat, the youngest event deposits were formed in the 13-15th century, and may be correlated with a tsunami that reached the eastern coast of Hokkaido in the 13-14th century or the AD 1454 Kyotoku tsunami. Neither the well-known 17th century tsunami that was triggered along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido nor the AD 1611 Keicho-sanriku tsunami appear to have left deposits in this area. These results can be used to determinate accurately the source area of 17th century tsunamis.

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“…The Japanese archipelago is tectonically one of the most active locations in the world (Ando et al, 2018;Nakanishi et al, 2020;Yokoyama et al, 2016), consisting of several island arcs created by the collision of at least five plates: the Amurian, Eurasian, Okhotsk, Pacific, and Philippine sea plates (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Geologic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MIS 5e sea-level proxies around Japan

Tam

Yokoyama

2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Sea-level proxies for Marine Isotopic Stage 5e (MIS 5e, ca. 124 ka) are abundant along the Japanese shoreline and have been documented for over at least the past 60 years. The bulk of these sea-level proxies are identified in Japan as marine terraces, often correlated by stratigraphic relationships to identified tephra layers, or other chronologically interpreted strata. Use of stratigraphic correlation in conjunction with other techniques such as paleontological analysis, tectonic uplift rates, tephra (volcanic ash), uranium–thorium (U–Th), and carbon-14 (14C) dating have connected Japan's landforms to global patterns of sea-level change. This paper reviews over 60 years of publications containing sea-level proxies correlated with MIS 5e in Japan. Data collected for this review have been added to the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), following their standardizations on the elements necessary to analyze paleosea-levels. This paper reviewed over 70 studies, assembling data points for over 300 locations and examining related papers denoting sea-level indicators for MIS 5e. The database compiled for this review (Tam and Yokoyama, 2020) is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4294326. Sea-level proxy studies in Japan rely heavily on chronostratigraphic techniques and are recognized as reliable, though opportunities exist for further constraining through the further use of numerical age dating techniques.

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Holocene tsunami, storm, and relative sea level records obtained from the southern Hidaka coast, Hokkaido, Japan

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

Spatial Extent of Mid‐To Late‐Holocene Sedimentary Record of Tsunamis Along the Southern Kuril Trench, Hokkaido, Japan

北海道津軽海峡沿岸域で認められたイベント堆積物

A review of MIS 5e sea-level proxies around Japan

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