Holocene tectonic activity along Kachchh Mainland Fault: Impact on late mature Harappan civilization, Kachchh, western India

Kothyari, Girish Ch; Shirvalkar, Prabodh; Kandregula, Raj Sunil; Rawat, Yadubirsingh; Dumka, Rakesh K.; Joshi, N. V.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.032

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The youthfulness of the topography in terms of neotectonics is characterized by young features like fault scarps, receding scarps, deep bedrock gorges, caves, canyons, triangular facets, mountain fronts, deep valley incisions, warpings, gullied surface, meanders, offset, deflected and anastomosing drainages, knick points. The Quaternary tectonic activities along various faults of the Kutch Basin is also confirmed by implementing Neotectonic, tectono-geomorphic and paleoseismic, GIS, and Remote sensing aspects (Thakkar et al 1999(Thakkar et al , 2001(Thakkar et al , 2012a(Thakkar et al , b, 2018a(Thakkar et al , b, 2020aRajendran and Rajendran 2001;Maurya et al 2003aMaurya et al , b, c, 2008Maurya et al , 2013Maurya et al , 2016Patidar et al 2007;Malik et al 2008Malik et al , 2017Prizomwala et al 2014aPrizomwala et al , b, 2016aPrizomwala et al , b, 2019Goyal et al 2015;Kothyari et al 2015Kothyari et al , 2016aKothyari et al , b, c, 2018Kothyari et al , 2019Kothyari et al , 2020aKothyari et al , b, 2021Das et al 2016aDas et al , b, 2017Das et al , 2020Padmalal et al 2019;Bhattacharya et al 2019;Dumka et al 2019;Shaikh et al 2019Shaikh et al , 2020Kandregula et al 2020Kandregula et al , 2021Lakhote et al 2020a, b;Rajendran et al 2020;Mishra et al 2020, Jani et al 2021. Dumka et al (2019) worked out a Global Positioning Syste...…”

Section: Tectonic Framework and Structural Stylementioning

confidence: 81%

Introduction to Geology of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India

2021

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Section: Tectonic Framework and Structural Stylementioning

confidence: 81%

Introduction to Geology of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India

2021

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“…16,17,and 18). Quaternary tectonic activity along various faults of the KRB is also confirmed by using Neotectonic, tectono-geomorphic and paleoseismic, GIS, and remote sensing techniques (Thakkar et al 1999, 2012a, b, 2020a, Thakkar 2018aMaurya et al 2003aMaurya et al , b, c, 2008Maurya et al , 2013Maurya et al , 2016Patidar et al 2007Patidar et al , 2008Malik et al 2008Malik et al , 2017Prizomwala et al 2014aPrizomwala et al , b, 2016aPrizomwala et al , 2016bPrizomwala et al , 2019Goyal et al 2015;Kothyari et al 2015Kothyari et al , 2016aKothyari et al , b, c, 2018Kothyari et al , 2019Kothyari et al , 2020aKothyari et al , 2020bKothyari et al , 2020cDas et al 2016aDas et al , b, 2017Das et al , 2019Das et al , 2020Padmalal et al 2019;Bhattacharya et al 2019;Dumka et al 2019;Shaikh et al 2019Shaikh et al , 2020Kandregula et al 2020;Lakhote et al 2020a, b;Mishra et al 2020;Rajendran et al 2020). Quaternary climate and sea level processes also resulted in fluvial, aeolian, and marine erosional and depositional features in the Kachchh landscape, and Quaternary sediments are found along the coast, and the Rann exposes some spectacular evidence of sea level changes.…”

Section: Significance Of Neotectonics and Palaeoseismic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

et al. 2021

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The Kachchh Basin is a peri-cratonic rift basin in the Gujarat state of Western India which exposes a vast range of geological features which are of great importance for basic and applied research by geoscientists. The fossil-rich stratigraphy of the Kachchh Basin represents the past 200 million years of geological history from the Jurassic Period to the present day, including through the Neogene Period. Both Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences are highly fossiliferous with a variety of mega, macro, and microfossils, including invertebrate, plant, trace, and vertebrate fossils. Crucially, the Kachchh Rift Basin demonstrates a uniquely well exposed, syn to post-rift tectono-sedimentary sequence formed from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous during the break up of Eastern Gondwanaland. The basin is bounded by reactivated primary faults forming tilted horsts and half-grabens. Tilted-up edges of the uplifted fault blocks are represented by uplifted hilly ranges, whereas the intervening subsiding blocks are the geomorphological expression of the low-lying Rann and Banni plains (mudflats, marshes, and grassland). This activity was followed by an inversion cycle initiated in Late Early Cretaceous following the aborting of the rift and is active in the present neotectonic cycle. Thick Deccan Trap lava flows and basic intrusive bodies indicate associated deeper crustal and mantle processes associated with this rift basin evolution. Easily accessed, well-exposed continuous sedimentary sequences with scanty vegetation provide a unique window of opportunity to looking into the geological past of this unique landscape which has preserved the evidence of the evolution of life both in near shore, coastal, and terrestrial environment, as well as a rare opportunity to understand a history of syn/post-rift-fill sedimentation, volcanism, and tectono-geomorphical evolution. More recently the terrain has become a hotspot amongst the planetary scientists as it provides a terrestrial analogue for Lunar and Martian landscapes. These and many other features justify why the unique geological heritage of the Kachchh Basin should be conserved for posterity not only for geoscientists from all over the world but also for local communities and visitors who could learn from its 200 million year history. We therefore propose that the landscapes of the Kachchh Basin should be conserved as a National Geopark in India to achieve such ambitions, and we believe that in this, they have an immense potential to achieve many of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. It is proposed to create 9 geo-stations (for administration) and 75 geosites grouped under these stations within the proposed Kachchh Geopark.

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“…The detailed geological investigation by (Biswas, 1987(Biswas, , 2005(Biswas, , 2014Kothyari et al, 2019Kothyari et al, , 2022McCalpin & Thakkar, 2003;Pande et al, 2003) followed by few geophysical investigations (Mandal et al, 2004;Mohan et al, 2017;Pavan et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2017;Suribabu et al, 2022) concluded that these faults are vertical to near vertical in nature. The geological and geomorphic investigations suggest SWF as a near-vertical step-over fault of KMF (Biswas, 2005; F I G U R E 1 Study area map towards the western part of India, depicting fault systems of Kachchh region along with the location of major earthquakes (red star) triggered during last two centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This part is the host of the recent M7.7 (2001) earthquake and thereafter a few moderate earthquakes. The detailed geological investigation by (Biswas, 1987, 2005, 2014; Kothyari et al, 2019, 2022; McCalpin & Thakkar, 2003; Pande et al, 2003) followed by few geophysical investigations (Mandal et al, 2004; Mohan et al, 2017; Pavan et al, 2017; Singh et al, 2017; Suribabu et al, 2022) concluded that these faults are vertical to near vertical in nature. The geological and geomorphic investigations suggest SWF as a near‐vertical step‐over fault of KMF (Biswas, 2005; Kothyari et al, 2017; Kothyari, Dumka, et al, 2016) and fault plane study of 2001 main event by (Negishi et al, 2002) established SWF as a causative fault (Kothyari et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPS and InSAR derived evidences of intra‐basin stress and strike‐slip tectonics in the vicinity of 2001 (M7.7) earthquake, Kachchh, western India

et al. 2022

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The current geodetic investigation is based on nearly a decade of continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data towards the western part of the Indian Plate (2009–2019). This research focused on the Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB), the seismically most active intra‐plate region of the Indian Plate, which has seen three ≥ M 7.0 earthquakes in the last two centuries. The GPS stations on the northern and southern margins show SSW and NNE directed motion, indicating that the KRB is currently under the influence of regional compressive stress on both flanks and the same is reflected in the form of earthquake activity in the center portion. Furthermore, the existence of intra‐basin stress, in addition to regional stress, increases strain accumulation and results in the creation of a Principal Deformation Zone (PDZ) in the central part of the KRB. The average annual deformation in the middle of KRB remains 1.0 ± 0.5 mm/year, while sites near the South Wagad Fault (SWF) experience 1.2 mm/year of fault parallel motion. The dominant fault normal motion along the flanks with a maximum fault parallel motion in the middle intimates the existence of strike‐slip tectonics in the central Kachchh. The geometric relationship of strike‐slip faults in a compressive margin and strain accumulation in pre‐existing faults (PDZ) is responsible for current strike‐slip and thrust motion in the Kachchh, including the 2001 Bhuj earthquake (M 7.7). Our geodetic model is well‐corroborated with the geological observations of the wrench fault model of strike‐slip faults. PS‐InSAR results in the northern part of the region between Khadir and Bela Islands show ≤6.0 mm of annual LOS displacement. GPS results indicate ≈ 1.3 to 1.4 ± 0.5 mm/year of fault parallel motion along the transverse Ekal Amrapar Fault (EAF). The non‐significant variation in GRACE‐derived TWS values (from 2009 to 2018) rules out non‐tectonic deformation in the vicinity of EAF and thus points to tectonic activity as the cause of the derived deformation in the region.

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Holocene tectonic activity along Kachchh Mainland Fault: Impact on late mature Harappan civilization, Kachchh, western India

Cited by 25 publications

References 59 publications

Introduction to Geology of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India

Introduction to Geology of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

GPS and InSAR derived evidences of intra‐basin stress and strike‐slip tectonics in the vicinity of 2001 (M7.7) earthquake, Kachchh, western India

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