Holocene peat and lake sediment tephra record from the southernmost Chilean Andes (53-55°S)

Kilian, Rolf; Hohner, Miriam; Biester, Harald; Wallrabe-Adams, Hans-Joachim; Stern, Charles R.

doi:10.4067/s0716-02082003000100002

Cited by 86 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…6). Apart from slightly higher potassium values, the majorelement chemistry is similar to late Pleistocene and Holocene tephra products from Reclús volcano (Bitschene and Fernandez, 1995;Kilian et al, 2003b;Naranjo and Stern, 1998;Stern, 1990;Stern and Kilian, 1996) but differs from a 12.6kyr BP ash (McCulloch et al, 2005) intercalated in a sediment record recovered from the center of Laguna Potrok Aike (Haberzettl, 2006;Haberzettl et al, 2007). This suggests an age for tephra deposition before 13.5kyr BP (oldest part of the record from the center of the lake).…”

Section: Tephrochronologymentioning

confidence: 56%

Hydrological variability in southeastern Patagonia and explosive volcanic activity in the southern Andean Cordillera during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and the Holocene inferred from lake sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina

Haberzettl

Kück

Wulf

et al. 2008

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Seismic reflection studies in the maar lake Laguna Potrok Aike (51°58′ S, 70°23′ W) revealed an erosional unconformity associated with a sub-aquatic lake-level terrace at a water depth of 30m. Radiocarbon-dated, multi-proxy sediment studies of a piston core from this location indicate that the sediment below this discontinuity has an age of 45kyr BP (Oxygen Isotope Stage 3), and was deposited during an interval of high lake level. In comparison to the Holocene section, geochemical indicators of this older part of the record either point towards a different sediment source or to a different transport mechanism for Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 sediments. Holocene sedimentation started again before 6790cal. yr BP, providing a sediment record of hydrological variability until the present. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate a fluctuating lake level until 5310cal. yr BP. During the late Holocene the lake level shows a receding tendency. Nevertheless, the lake level did not drop below the 30m terrace to create another

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Section: Tephrochronologymentioning

confidence: 56%

Hydrological variability in southeastern Patagonia and explosive volcanic activity in the southern Andean Cordillera during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and the Holocene inferred from lake sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina

Haberzettl

Kück

Wulf

et al. 2008

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…1d). The records have well constrained age-models (Supplementary Table S1) based on radiocarbon dating and the occurrence of regional ash layers during the Holocene 7 . Depending on the individual setting, our rainfall and wind strength reconstructions are based on different proxies (Supplementary Discussion S2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt

Lamy¹,

Kilian²,

Arz³

et al. 2010

Nature Geosci

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350

348

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The position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt varies seasonally as a consequence of changes in sea surface temperature. During the austral winter, the belt expands northward and the wind intensity in the core decreases. Conversely, during the summer, the belt contracts, and the intensity within the core is strengthened. Reconstructions of the westerly winds since the last glacial maximum, however, have suggested that changes at a single site reflected shifts throughout the entire southern wind belt 1-4 . Here we use sedimentological and pollen records to reconstruct precipitation patterns over the past 12,500 yr from sites along the windward side of the Andes. Precipitation at the sites, located in the present core and northern margin of the westerlies, is driven almost entirely by the wind belt 5 , and can be used to reconstruct its intensity. Rather than varying coherently throughout the Holocene epoch, we find a distinct anti-phasing of wind strength between the core and northern margin over multi-millennial timescales. During the early Holocene, the core westerlies were strong whereas the northern margin westerlies were weak. We observe the opposite pattern in the late Holocene. As this variation resembles modern seasonal variability, we suggest that our observed changes in westerly wind strength can best be explained by variations in sea surface temperature in the eastern South Pacific Ocean.Chile is ideally located to reconstruct past variability of the southern westerly wind belt (SWW) as the SWW almost entirely controls precipitation on the western side of the Andes in southern South America with an extreme north-south rainfall gradient from the semiarid, winter-rain climate in central Chile to yearround hyper-humid conditions in the fjord region of southern Chile 5 (Supplementary Fig. S1). Therefore, any paleoclimatic proxy record primarily controlled by rainfall changes is suitable for reconstructing past changes in the SWW in this region. In present-day austral winters, the SWW extends northward, providing rainfall to central Chile (33 • -40 • S), but zonal winds are reduced in its core zone in southernmost Chile (50 • -55 • S; Fig. 1a). During austral summer, the zonal wind pattern shows a latitudinally more confined and intensified SWW with maxima over southernmost Chile (Fig. 1b). Previous reconstructions of the SWW were primarily based on single sites and generally suggested a northward migration and intensification of the SWW during colder periods 1,2,4 . Intensity variations across the wind belt have only recently been addressed and interpreted in terms of co-varying

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“…In addition, accurately identifying the tephra layers deposited in lake 45 systems is critical because not only are they passive chronological markers, but under certain 46 conditions they are also able to cause ecological changes (Sterken, 2003;Telford et al, 2004). 47 In south-central Chile, continuous tephrostratigraphic records remain scarce and are restricted 48 to the southernmost part of the country (e.g., Haberle and Lumley, 1998;Kilian et al, 2003; 49 Naranjo and Stern, 2004). Authors generally opted to study the volcanic edifices themselves 50 (Moreno 1977;Gerlach et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrostratigraphy of the late glacial and Holocene sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile, 40°S)

2008

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Holocene peat and lake sediment tephra record from the southernmost Chilean Andes (53-55°S)

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

Hydrological variability in southeastern Patagonia and explosive volcanic activity in the southern Andean Cordillera during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and the Holocene inferred from lake sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina

Hydrological variability in southeastern Patagonia and explosive volcanic activity in the southern Andean Cordillera during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and the Holocene inferred from lake sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina

Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt

Tephrostratigraphy of the late glacial and Holocene sediments of Puyehue Lake (Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile, 40°S)

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