Holocene History of the Northern Range Limits of Some Trees and Shrubs in Russia

Kremenetski, Constantin; Sulerzhitsky, L. D.; Hantemirov, Rashit

doi:10.2307/1552004

Cited by 126 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Especially Scheuchzeria is very rare in palsa mires (Botch and Solonevich, 1965;Alekseeva, 1974a;Tolmachev et al, 1995;Oksanen, 2002). The lack of permafrost is in accordance with climate reconstructions, according to which mean annual temperatures were generally 2-4 o C higher between 9000-4600 BP than at present (Bolikhovskaya et al, 1988;Kremenetski et al, 1998;Andreev and Klimanov, 2000;MacDonald et al, 2000). Soil temperatures during the Holocene climatic optimum have been estimated at 2-3 o C higher than today (Baulin et al, 1984).…”

Section: Mire Development Before Permafrost Aggradationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

Oksanen

Kuhry

Alekseeva

2005

gpq

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This study discusses Holocene vegetation succession, permafrost dynamics and peat accumulation in the Usinsk mire, located in the Pechora lowlands of Northeast European Russia. At present, the area is situated in the extreme northern taiga subzone near the southern limit of permafrost. Reconstructions are based on plant macrofossil analysis, physico-chemical analysis and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles investigated in detail. Additional information is available from seven other sites. Organic accumulation started at ca. 11 350 BP (14C yrs). Terrestrialization of ponds was the most common pathway for mire initiation. During a large part of their history, the sites have been Cyperaceae-dominated fens. A change into Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems is recorded at 3700-3000 BP. Permafrost became established around 2300 BP, although first signs of embryonic palsa formation can be tentatively traced back to about 2900 BP. Palsas and peat plateaus have experienced several periods of freezing and entire or partial thawing. The extant permafrost stages are young. The long-term carbon accumulation rate in the investigated sites is 19 g/m2/yr. The average rate of carbon accumulation in the dynamic permafrost stage is 23 g/m2/yr.Cette étude discute de la succession de la végétation, de la dynamique du pergélisol et de l'accumulation de la tourbe à l'Holocène dans la tourbière d'Usinsk, située dans les basses terres de Pechora, au nord-est de la Russie d’Europe. La région se trouve dans l'extrême nord de la taïga actuelle, près de la limite méridionale du pergélisol. Les reconstitutions sont fondées sur l'analyse macrofossile des plantes, l'analyse physico-chimique et les dates au radiocarbone déterminées par spectrométrie de masse à l’aide d’un accélérateur de particules (SMA) de deux profils de tourbe étudiés en détail. De l'information additionnelle provient de sept autres sites. L'accumulation de matière organique a commencé vers 11 350 BP (années 14C). L’accumulation de tourbe dans les étangs était alors le point de départ le plus habituel des tourbières. Pendant une grande partie de leur formation, ces sites ont été des marais dominés par les Cyperaceae. La transition vers des écosystèmes dominés par les Sphagnum est enregistrée entre 3700 et 3000 BP. Le pergélisol s'est établi vers 2300 BP, bien que des signes de formation embryonnaire de palses soient déjà observables vers 2900 BP. Les palses ont connu plusieurs épisodes de gel et de dégel complet ou partiel. Les couches de pergélisol actuellement observables sont d'origine récente. Le taux d'accumulation du carbone à long terme dans les sites étudiés est de 19 g/m2/an. Le taux moyen d'accumulation du pergélisol en phase active est de 23 g/m2/an.Изучены развитие растительности в голоцене, динамика вечной мерзлоты и аккумуляция торфа на Усинском болоте, которое находится на Печорской равнине Северо-Востока европейской Россий. В настоящее время район расположен в крайнесеверной тайге вближи южной границы вечной мерзлоты. Реконстр...

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Section: Mire Development Before Permafrost Aggradationsupporting

confidence: 71%

Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

Oksanen

Kuhry

Alekseeva

2005

gpq

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“…Comparisons between the radiocarbon ages of macrofossils of Larix, Picea, and tree Betula from this study with previously published materials (Kremenetski et al, 1998).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 86%

Holocene Treeline History and Climate Change Across Northern Eurasia

et al. 2000

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Radiocarbon-dated macrofossils are used to document Holocene treeline history across northern Russia (including Siberia). Boreal forest development in this region commenced by 10,000 yr B.P. Over most of Russia, forest advanced to or near the current arctic coastline between 9000 and 7000 yr B.P. and retreated to its present position by between 4000 and 3000 yr B.P. Forest establishment and retreat was roughly synchronous across most of northern Russia. Treeline advance on the Kola Peninsula, however, appears to have occurred later than in other regions. During the period of maximum forest extension, the mean July temperatures along the northern coastline of Russia may have been 2.5°to 7.0°C warmer than modern. The development of forest and expansion of treeline likely reflects a number of complimentary environmental conditions, including heightened summer insolation, the demise of Eurasian ice sheets, reduced sea-ice cover, greater continentality with eustatically lower sea level, and extreme Arctic penetration of warm North Atlantic waters. The late Holocene retreat of Eurasian treeline coincides with declining summer insolation, cooling arctic waters, and neoglaciation.

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“…In some cases such studies have been combined with past distribution of fossil remains as in a reconstruction of the previous northward advances of the treeline in Siberia (Kremenetski et al, 1998). However, as observed in Scotland (Grace, 1997), the position of treelines in oceanic areas may not be determined by the same factors as in continental regions, as a combination of low solar radiance and high wind speeds can reduce the temperature of plant tissues during the growing season.…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 114

Crawford

2000

New Phytologist

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A cyclic behaviour in the intensity of maritime conditions which varies with the periodic behaviour of the North Atlantic oscillation has recently become apparent in the climatic record of northern Europe. Periodic increases in oceanicity are usually viewed as having a positive effect on plant survival, as milder winters, reduction of temperature extremes, low risk of exposure to frost, and freedom from drought reduce many aspects of environmental stress. However, warmer winters in maritime environments may also have a powerful influence in creating habitats that are unfavourable for many species. The dangers of long periods of soil saturation for overwintering plants, soaking injury to germinating seeds, premature bud burst in spring, depression of treelines by increased cloud cover and high lapse rates, as well as the constant leaching of soils, are all negative aspects of the maritime environment. Woody species in which root dormancy is delayed by mild winters are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of winter flooding. Subsequent re-exposure to oxygen as water tables fall in spring can aggravate flooding damage through post-anoxic injury, leading to severe dieback of anchoring roots. Soil leaching, particularly after human disturbance, can induce nutrient deficiencies and the establishment of oligotrophic communities with reduced productivity. Podzolization and iron pan formation have in the past facilitated the processes of paludification in oceanic regions. The resulting spread of bogs and acid moorlands can further reduce the potential for productivity in both agriculture and natural plant communities. Given the probability that current climatic trends may increase the degree of oceanicity in western and northern regions of Europe, the potentially negative consequences of such a climatic change need to be considered in relation to future ecological changes and their consequences for conservation and land use.

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Holocene History of the Northern Range Limits of Some Trees and Shrubs in Russia

Cited by 126 publications

References 15 publications

Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

Holocene Treeline History and Climate Change Across Northern Eurasia

Tansley Review No. 114

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