Holobiont assemblages of dominant coral species (Symbiodinium types and coral species) shape Caribbean reef community structure

Grajales, Alejandro; Sánchez, Juan A.

doi:10.18257/raccefyn.294

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The fact that one type was found in all locations suggests high dispersal potential of Symbiodinium in A. undata across the Colombian Caribbean or ancestral populations. Differences between San Andrés and Cartagena could be explained by environmental differences, with high sediment loads from rivers in Cartagena (Grajales and Sanchez, 2016) decreasing light and temperature levels at this location with contrasting oceanic conditions at San Andrés. The differences in the Symbiodinium associated below 30 m to several Agaricia species, including A. undata, have been observed previously (Bongaerts et al, 2013(Bongaerts et al, , 2015aLucas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Diversity Of Symbiodiniummentioning

confidence: 97%

Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone

et al. 2018

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Mesophotic reef-building coral communities (∼30-120 m depth) remain largely unexplored, despite representing roughly three-quarters of the overall depth range at which tropical coral reef ecosystems occur. Although many coral species are restricted to shallow depths, several species occur across large depth ranges, including lower mesophotic depths. Yet, it remains unclear how such species can persist under extreme low-light conditions and how the different symbiotic partners associated with these corals contribute to facilitate such broad depth ranges. We assessed holobiont genetic diversity of the Caribbean coral Agaricia undata over depth in three localities of Colombia: San Andres Island (between 37 and 85 m), Cartagena (between 17 and 45 m) and "Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad" (between 77 and 87 m). We used a population genomics approach (NextRAD) for the coral host, and amplicon sequencing for the associated Symbiodinium (non-coding region of the plastid psbA minicircle) and prokaryotic (V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene) symbiont community. For the coral host, genetic structuring was only observed across geographic regions, but not between depths. Bayesian clustering and discriminant analysis of principal components revealed genetic structuring between the three regions, but not between shallow (<30 m), upper (≥30 and ≤60 m) and lower mesophotic (>60 m) depths. This pattern was confirmed when evaluating pairwise differentiation (F ST) between populations, with much higher values between regions (0.0467-0.1034) compared to between depths [within location; −0.0075-(−0.0007)]. Symbiotic partners, including seven types of zooxanthellae and 325 prokaryotic OTUs, did not exhibit partitioning across depths. All samples hosted Symbiodinium clade C3 and the type C3psbA_e was present in all depths. Alpha microbial diversity was not significantly different between zones (upper vs. lower), which community composition between coral colonies was similar in the two zones (ANOSIM, R = −0.079, P > 0.05). The coral microbiome was dominated by Uncultured Betaproteobacteria in the order EC94 (16%), Unknown-Bacteria (15%), family Gonzalez-Zapata et al. Mesophotic Holobiont Diversity Cenarchaeaceae (12 %), Burkholderiaceae (10%), and Hahellaceae (10%). The constant coral-holobiont composition along the studied depth range suggests that identity of the symbionts is not responsible for the coral's broad depth range and adaptation to low light environments.

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Section: Diversity Of Symbiodiniummentioning

confidence: 97%

Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone

et al. 2018

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“…and Breviolum spp. was expected (samples Mc1, Mc2, Mc3, BMc3, and BMc5), since previous studies indicated that M. complanata from Mexico, Belize, Barbados, and Colombia harbors these Symbiodiniaceae genera ( LaJeunesse, 2002 ; Banaszak et al, 2006 ; Finney et al, 2010 ; Grajales & Sanchez, 2016 ). However, endosymbionts from the genera Cladocopium and Durusdinium had not been previously identified in M. complanata from the Caribbean Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…However, endosymbionts from the genera Cladocopium and Durusdinium had not been previously identified in M. complanata from the Caribbean Sea. Former research has shown that endosymbiont dominance strongly depends on the geographic location ( LaJeunesse, 2002 ; Finney et al, 2010 ; Grajales & Sanchez, 2016 ). For example, Breviolum spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic differences between bleached and unbleached hydrozoan Millepora complanata following the 2015-2016 ENSO in the Mexican Caribbean

Elizárraga

Olguín-López

Hernández-Matehuala

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The 2015-2016 El Niño-southern oscillation or “ENSO” caused many M. complanata colonies that live in the Mexican Caribbean to experience extensive bleaching. The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of bleaching on the cellular response of M. complanata, employing a transcriptomic approach with RNA-seq. As expected, bleached specimens contained a significantly lower chlorophyll content than unbleached hydrocorals. The presence of algae of the genera Durusdinium and Cladocopium was only found in tissues of unbleached M. complanata, which could be associated to the greater resistance that these colonies exhibited during bleaching. We found that 299 genes were differentially expressed in M. complanata bleached colonies following the 2015-2016 ENSO in the Mexican Caribbean. The differential expression analysis of bleached M. complanata specimens evidenced enriched terms for functional categories, such as ribosome, RNA polymerase and basal transcription factors, chaperone, oxidoreductase, among others. Our results suggest that the heat-shock response mechanisms displayed by M. complanata include: an up-regulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses; a higher expression of heat stress response genes; up-regulation of transcription-related genes, higher expression of genes associated to transport processes, inter alia. This study constitutes the first differential gene expression analysis of the molecular response of a reef-forming hydrozoan during bleaching.

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“…However, it also may facilitate the connectivity between the coastal zone and the NNP, as was observed with A. undata. In addition, these diapirs include dense octocoral, black coral and sponge communities (Granados et al 2008;Escobar et al 2012;Velásquez and Sánchez 2015;Grajales and Sánchez 2016), together with mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) containing unique coral symbionts (Gonzalez-Zapata et al, 2018a;Gonzalez-Zapata et al, 2018b). This distinct coral reef comprises a living laboratory for studying several aspects of marine biodiversity and MCEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Varadero and Barú reefs are affected directly by the Magdalena River, the longest in Colombia (≅1500 km), through the Dique channel with 144 mill tons/yr of sediment input to the Caribbean (Restrepo et al 2006a). Barú peninsula reef system is characterized by a high coral cover of lettuce coral (Undaria tenuifolia) on the fore-reef with large coral heads towards valley-like sand channels (Cáceres and Sánchez 2015a;Grajales and Sánchez 2016). Over half of the fringing reef system from the Barú peninsula is part of the National Natural Park Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo (NNP CRySB), representing the highest protection category in the Colombian protected areas system (Camargo et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation at the edge: connectivity and opportunities from non-protected coral reefs close to a national park in the Colombian Caribbean

Rodríguez

Acosta

González-Zapata

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Confronting a sustained coral reef conservation crisis, we need new opportunities to rethink how to protect areas successfully and efficiently in the face of a changing world. We studied the benthic community, including foraminifera, fish community, and genetic connectivity (SSRs and SNPs) of main reef-building coral, Orbicella faveolata and Agaricia undata coral, along a Non-Protected Area (NPA) reef tract in Barú peninsula, including some isolated banks, near Cartagena and the National Natural Park Corales del Rosario y San Bernando (NNP CRySB), Colombia. The fringing reef track studied is homogeneous in benthic components, including algae, corals, sponges, and foraminifera between all the sites studied. Many reef sites sustain between 42.8% and 53% coral cover, which are among the highest recorded in this region, even higher than values in the nearby NNP. A total of 82 fish species were found, and the Foram Index-FI varies between 2 and 2.5, showing environmental conditions marginal for reef growth. The Barú NPA reef system can be considered spatial refugia under climate change and Anthropocene conditions, including resilient reefs at the mouth of Cartagena Bay (Magdalena River), a place of increased stressing factors. The admixture between NPA and NNP populations, the high coral cover in the NPA, the fish density and composition, the uniqueness of the diapiric banks, and the disturbance resistance are major arguments to protect this reef tract. We suggest designing a co-management scheme to ensure species connectivity, avoid further degradation, and involve different stakeholders.

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Holobiont assemblages of dominant coral species (Symbiodinium types and coral species) shape Caribbean reef community structure

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone

Holobiont Diversity in a Reef-Building Coral over Its Entire Depth Range in the Mesophotic Zone

Transcriptomic differences between bleached and unbleached hydrozoan Millepora complanata following the 2015-2016 ENSO in the Mexican Caribbean

Conservation at the edge: connectivity and opportunities from non-protected coral reefs close to a national park in the Colombian Caribbean

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