Hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane microextraction for determination of sulfonamides in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

a b s t r a c tBy using ionic liquid as membrane liquid and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as additive, hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for the determination of five sulfonamides in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection The extraction solvent and the parameters affecting the extraction enrichment factor such as the type and amount of carrier, pH and volume ratio of donor phase and acceptor phase, extraction time, salt-out effect and matrix effect were optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions (organic liquid membrane phase: [C 8 MIM] [PF 6 ] with 14% TOPO (w/v); donor phase: 4 mL, pH 4.5 KH 2 PO 4 with 2 M Na 2 SO 4 ; acceptor phase: 25 L, pH 13 NaOH; extraction time: 8 h), low detection limits (0.1-0.4 g/L, RSD ≤ 5%) and good linear range (1-2000 ng/mL, R 2 ≥ 0.999) were obtained for all the analytes. The presence of humic acid (0-25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon) and bovine serum albumin (0-100 g/mL) had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency. Good spike recoveries over the range of 82.2-103.2% were obtained when applying the proposed method on five real environmental water samples. These results indicated that this present method was very sensitive and reliable with good repeatabilities and excellent clean-up in water samples. The proposed method confirmed hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane based LPME to be robust to monitoring trace levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous samples.

Ionic liquid‐based single‐drop liquid‐phase microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in environmental water

“…Both LLE and SPE are time-consuming and use a large amount of organic solvents. In contrast, microextraction methods, such as SPME and LPME, are much simpler, more rapid and environment friendly [16,17]. SPME integrates sample extraction, concentration and injection, and was successfully used in the sulfa determination in wastewater [16,18].…”

Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for highly sensitive determination of bisphenols in environmental water samples

“…35 In the present study, the effects of sample volume on the enrichment factor were studied using a series of volumes ranging from 50 mL to 1000 mL. The results revealed that the enrichment factors of all the analytes increased with the sample volume up to 500 mL, and then decreased with the further increase of sample volume.…”

Advances in analytical chemistry using the unique properties of ionic liquids

“…Given its high affinity to polar compounds and low volatility/water solubility, 6 ] was used as membrane liquid for HFSLME of chlorophenols in environmental water samples [21]. Further study indicated that, while conventional membrane liquids (e.g., undecane, 1-octanol and dihexyl ether) are inefficient in extraction of amphoteric sulfonamide antibiotics, [C 8 extraction efficiency due to its high affinity to both nonpolar and polar compounds [22]. For all five sulfonamides studied, the enrichment factor with [C 8 MIM][PF 6 ]/ 4% trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as liquid membrane was about twice that with DHE/4% TOPO.…”