Advances in analytical chemistry using the unique properties of ionic liquids

Abstract

Advances in analytical chemistry using the unique properties of ionic liquidsZhi-qiang Tan, Jing-fu Liu, Long Pang Ionic liquids (ILs) are regarded as non-molecular solvents, as they are composed entirely of cations and anions. ILs possess several excellent unique properties (e.g., low volatility, high thermal stability, specific electrochemical characteristics, easy design, tunable viscosity, and miscibility with water or organic solvents). These properties make ILs attractive candidates for various analytical applications, the number of publications on which has increased exponentially in the past decade.This article presents an overview of representative applications of ILs in advances in analytical chemistry that benefited from the unique properties of ILs, including the development achieved by using ILs as extraction solvents, dissolution solvents and separation media. ª

A novel surface-confined glucaminium-based ionic liquid stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction/anion-exchange mixed-mode chromatography

“…The procedures of evaporation and cooling were repeated three times in order to remove sodium bromide and the remaining sodium carbonate. The collected product N,N-diallyl-N-methyl-d-glucaminium bromide was dried under vacuum and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), as shown in Fig. S1.…”

“…These beneficial characteristics have made ILs attractive for analytical chemistry applications as extraction phases, dissolution solvents, separation media, and electrochemical sensing systems, etc. [12,13]. In HPLC, ILs were applied in two ways, as mobile phase additives to mask the adverse effect of residual silanol groups [14][15][16] or being immobilized to the surface of supporting materials as stationary phases [17,18].…”

“…Separation conditions: mobile phases were 100 mM NH4FA (A) and ACN (B), with a gradient elution of 95%B maintained 6 min, linearly increased to 70%B from 6 to 12 min, maintained at 70%B from 12 to 17 min, to 95%B from 17 to 20 min, equilibration at 95%B to 35 min; flow rate at 0.4 mL/min; column temperature at 30 • C; DAD at 283 nm. Peaks: (1) 2 -hydroxychalcone,(2) prunetin, (3) chrysin, (4) hesperetin, (5) naringenin, (6) diosmetin, (7) daidzein,(8) apigenin, (9) (±)-dihydrokaempferol, (10) phloretin, (11) genistin, (12) daidzin,(13) phlorizindihydrate,(14) hesperidin, (15) naringin,(16) vitexin.…”

Applications of Ionic Liquids for the Development of Optical Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

“…Those areas of application have benefited from the improved synthesis of ILs and methods of their cleaning for reuse, 1,2 the developed designer's ILs for solving special tasks, [3][4][5] and accumulated extensive experimental data on physicochemical characteristics, 6,7 electrochemical, 8 optical, 9,10 and extraction [11][12][13][14] properties of ILs and their features as fluids (nanoheterogeneity and essential regularity). 15,16 Moreover, mathematical models for estimating the solvent power [17][18][19] and ecotoxicity 20 of ILs, and novel approaches to predict their biodegradation 21 allowed miniaturization of experimental investigations that saves time and resources.…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of silver nanoparticles in water using ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

“…Because of their unique properties such as negligible vapor pressure, good thermal stability and miscibility with water, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in separation technology (Han and Row, 2010;Liu et al, 2005Liu et al, , 2009bTan et al, 2012). They have been applied for extraction of some nanoparticles.…”