Hodgkin's disease presenting below the diaphragm: a review.

Hodgkin's disease diagnosed post mortem: a population based study

“…Subdiaphragmatic disease occurred in all but four of the patients in the present series and is often associated with older age, advanced stage, and LD (Krikorian et al, 1986;Villamor et al, 1991). Such patients frequently present with systemic symptoms, e.g.…”

“…Such patients frequently present with systemic symptoms, e.g. FUO, without symptoms of an abdominal mass (Krikorian et al, 1986). In such cases abdominal ultrasound or CT-scan should be performed to search for retroperitoneal masses.…”

Hodgkin's Disease Involving the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report

“…In five large combined series, the most common presentation of subdiaphragmatic HD was peripheral inguinal, femoral, or superficial iliac lymphadenopathy, constituting approximately 80% of all cases [5]. While primary urinary bladder HD or nonHodgkin's lymphoma has been described previously [7][8][9], secondary involvement, particularly with HD, has been reported rarely [10,11].…”

“…Subdiaphragmatic HD is a rare entity that occurs in 3 to 10% of patients [5,6]. In five large combined series, the most common presentation of subdiaphragmatic HD was peripheral inguinal, femoral, or superficial iliac lymphadenopathy, constituting approximately 80% of all cases [5].…”

“…Perhaps both theories combined can explain certain aspects of the disease. For instance, subdiaphragmatic HD is a rare clinical presentation that occurs in only 3 to 10% of the patients [5,6], but disease relapse of subdiaphragmatic primary disease occurs predominantly above the diaphragm [5,6]. We encountered a case of subdiaphragmatic presentation of HD with later subdiaphragmatic relapse to the urinary bladder, a rare site for secondary involvement.…”