“…Many immediate- and delayed-early genes are required by
cells to traverse the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle and function as oncogenes when
aberrantly expressed. Further studies uncovered high levels of
HMGA1 expression at the mRNA or protein level in human cancer
cells or primary tumors from diverse tissues, including thyroid [45–48], lung [49–51], breast
[52–59, 117],
bladder [58], prostate
[60–62], colon [63–68], pancreas [69–74], uterine
corpus [75], uterine cervix
[76], kidney
[77], head and neck
[78], nervous system
[58, 79–84], stomach [85,
86], liver [87], and hematopoietic system
[88–93, 118, 119]. HMGA1
expression is low or undetectable in normal tissue counterparts.…”