HLA–DR alleles determine responsiveness to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> antigens in a mouse model of self‐perpetuating arthritis

Iliopoulou, Bettina P.; Guerau-de-Arellano, Mireia; Huber, Brigitte

doi:10.1002/art.25005

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While the MB, MR, and ONLP STs diverged from U.S. STs and those from QCTH, they were most closely related to, and often had likely ancestors in, STs found immediately to the south: MB with the MW STs and MR with the NE STs. However, STs from ONLP, which lies on longitude 80°W, which nowadays separates NE and MW populations (14), had elements of relation and ancestry to both MW and NE STs. Inferred founders with Ͼ60% bootstrap support were STs from the northeastern United States for two clonal complexes; other inferred founder (or possible founder) STs had Ͻ60% bootstrap support, and these also included the NE STs, the MW STs, and both the NE and MW STs (Fig.…”

Section: Nucleotide Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 564 B. burgdorferi samples used for analyses in this study were divided into 111 STs. Of the STs already in the mlst.net database, 18 STs were unique to California, 27 STs were unique to the Midwest (6 of which have been found in "midwestern" Canada [14]), 29 STs were unique to but widespread in the Northeast (including 14 found in eastern Canada, from eastern Ontario to the Maritimes [14]), and 6 STs occurred in both the Midwest and the Northeast (Table 2 and Fig. 1).…”

Section: Nucleotide Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study of the diversity of B. burgdorferi in North America is of immediate diagnostic and clinical utility, with the recognition that the consequences of infection (mild self-limiting cutaneous or severe systemically disseminated infections) may differ with the infecting strain (13), and the strain may interact with patient genetic heterogeneity in determining clinical outcomes (14). Furthermore, strains vary in their capacity to elicit antibody responses in early infection that are detectable by current gold-standard serological tests (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Complex Population Structure of Borrelia burgdorferi in Southeastern and South Central Canada as Revealed by Phylogeographic Analysis

Mechai

Margos

Feil

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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g Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is an emerging zoonotic disease in Canada and is vectored by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. Here we used Bayesian analyses of sequence types (STs), determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), to investigate the phylogeography of B. burgdorferi populations in southern Canada and the United States by analyzing MLST data from 564 B. burgdorferi-positive samples collected during surveillance. A total of 107 Canadian samples from field sites were characterized as part of this study, and these data were combined with existing MLST data for samples from the United States and Canada. Only 17% of STs were common between both countries, while 49% occurred only in the United States, and 34% occurred only in Canada. However, STs in southeastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec were typically identical to those in the northeastern United States, suggesting a recent introduction into this region from the United States. In contrast, STs in other locations in Canada (the Maritimes; Long Point, Ontario; and southeastern Manitoba) were frequently unique to those locations but were putative descendants of STs previously found in the United States. The picture in Canada is consistent with relatively recent introductions from multiple refugial populations in the United States. These data thus point to a geographic pattern of populations of B. burgdorferi in North America that may be more complex than simply comprising northeastern, midwestern, and Californian groups. We speculate that this reflects the complex ecology and spatial distribution of key reservoir hosts.

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Section: Nucleotide Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nucleotide Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complex Population Structure of Borrelia burgdorferi in Southeastern and South Central Canada as Revealed by Phylogeographic Analysis

Mechai

Margos

Feil

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These findings are more significant as it has been shown that the HLA type does not confer risk for infection with B. burgdorferi overall but merely to the outcome. More recently a DR4-positive mouse model has been established (Iliopoulou et al, 2008;Iliopoulou et al, 2009). The HLA associations have not been confirmed in European patients, perhaps also because of the greater species diversity there.…”

Section: Molecular Mimicry and Induction Of Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyme Arthritis

Dressler¹,

Irigoyen²,

Ilowite³

et al. 2011

Lyme Borreliosis in Europe and North America

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“…The ability to identify which strains cause disseminated LD, and to be able to predict their occurrence in Canada by understanding any associations with environmental factors or animal hosts, would permit implementation of preventive public health actions that are "smarter" by targeting the greatest effort at protecting the populations at the greatest risk from severe LD. We also need to identify pathogenic strains for future studies that can elucidate the interactions of the human, animal, and bacterial genomes that result in infection and disease (28,29,30,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Aspects of Emerging Lyme Disease in Canada

Ogden

Feil

Leighton

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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fIn North America, Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is maintained by wildlife. Tick vectors and bacteria are currently spreading into Canada and causing increasing numbers of cases of LD in humans and raising a pressing need for public health responses. There is no vaccine, and LD prevention depends on knowing who is at risk and informing them how to protect themselves from infection. Recently, it was found in the United States that some strains of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto cause severe disease, whereas others cause mild, self-limiting disease. While many strains occurring in the United States also occur in Canada, strains in some parts of Canada are different from those in the United States. We therefore recognize a need to identify which strains specific to Canada can cause severe disease and to characterize their geographic distribution to determine which Canadians are particularly at risk. In this review, we summarize the history of emergence of LD in North America, our current knowledge of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto diversity, its intriguing origins in the ecology and evolution of the bacterium, and its importance for the epidemiology and clinical and laboratory diagnosis of LD. We propose methods for investigating associations between B. burgdorferi sensu stricto diversity, ecology, and pathogenicity and for developing predictive tools to guide public health interventions. We also highlight the emergence of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto in Canada as a unique opportunity for exploring the evolutionary aspects of tick-borne pathogen emergence.

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HLA–DR alleles determine responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in a mouse model of self‐perpetuating arthritis

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Complex Population Structure of Borrelia burgdorferi in Southeastern and South Central Canada as Revealed by Phylogeographic Analysis

Complex Population Structure of Borrelia burgdorferi in Southeastern and South Central Canada as Revealed by Phylogeographic Analysis

Lyme Arthritis

Evolutionary Aspects of Emerging Lyme Disease in Canada

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