hK2 and Free PSA, a Prognostic Combination in Predicting Minimal Prostate Cancer in Screen-Detected Men within the PSA Range 4–10 ng/ml

Raaijmakers, René; Vries, Stijn H. de; Blijenberg, B. G.; Wildhagen, Mark F.; Postma, Renske; Bangma, Chris H.; Darte, Claude; Schröder, Fritz H.

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2007.04.037

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These findings agrees with Raaijmakers et al which confirm that the ratio hK2/fPSA was a better diagnosis marker than the ratio fPSA/PSA alone according to the ROC curves analysis and results (Raaijmakers et al, 2007). Also Martin et al results who approves that hK2/ fPSA ratio (AUC: 08) was useful in discriminating the two diseases (PCa and BPH) (Martin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Therefore, many studies indicate that measurement of serum hK2 with PSA can improve diagnosis of prostate cancer, importantly, the ratio of hK2/fPSA ratio alone or combined with fPSA/PSA ratio enhances the discrimination between prostate cancer and BPH and may also be useful in grading the cancer (Becker et al, 2000;Stephan et al, 2006;Raaijmakers et al, 2007). All these advantages suggest that a panel or multiple markers including hK2 is an important biomarker for the presence and recurrence of cancer (Martin et al, 2004;Vickers et al, 2008;Thorek et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Kallikrein-2, Prostate Specific Antigen and Free-Prostate Specific Antigen in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian Patients

Bachour

Chahin²,

Al-Fahoum³

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: The high incidence of prostate cancer as the most common malignancy in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the most widely used for screening for prostate cancer; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of malignancy to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of hK2 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases in Syrian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from patients referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PCa). Serum was analyzed for hK2, PSA and fPSA, and the ratios of fPSA/PSA and hK2/fPSA were calculated. Results: We found that mean hK2/fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in prostate cancer patients than in the BPH or control groups. Also the ratio hk2/fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for fPSA/PSA (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of hK2/fPSA might be superior to the use of fPSA/PSA alone. The hK2 could be shown to enhance the early detection of prostate cancer; especially the ratio hK2/fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Kallikrein-2, Prostate Specific Antigen and Free-Prostate Specific Antigen in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian Patients

Bachour

Chahin²,

Al-Fahoum³

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Despite the evident benefit of PSA evaluation, digital rectal investigation has its importance in the diagnostics and it should not be neglected by a general practitioner [9,10]. Besides PSA, there have been identified and tested other markers [11][12][13][14][15][16], including those detected in urine [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation ofalpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, metallothionein and prostate specific antigen as prostate cancer prognostic markers

Gumulec¹,

Masařík²,

Křížková³

et al. 2012

neo

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Current diagnostic techniques are inefficient in distinguishing latent and low-risk forms of prostate cancer from high-risk forms. The present study is focused on determination of putative tumor markers of aggressive high-grade forms of prostate cancer. Potential markers were determined in blood sera of 133 patients (82 cases and 51 controls) and in cell lines (Gleason score 9-derived 22Rv1 and normal tissue derived PNT1A) on mRNA and protein levels. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), metallothionein classes 1A and 2A (MT1A and MT2A) were determined and compared to prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. On mRNA level, significantly increased expression of MT2A (2.4-fold), PSA (2.6-fold) and AMACR (8.4-fold) and insignificantly (1.9-fold) elevated MT1A in 22Rv1 compared to non-tumor PNT1A were determined. On protein level, significant enhancement of free PSA and total PSA in tumor cell line was evident. AMACR protein was 1.5-fold elevated in tumor line (below the level of significance). Contrary to mRNA, significantly (p = 0.01) reduced level of MT protein in tumor lines was determined. In the case of serum level, significantly enhanced MT level (4.5-fold) in patients' sera was found. No significant changes were observed in the case of AMACR. These findings indicate possible alternative role of MT to PSA prostate cancer marker. In addition, level of AMACR is distinctly higher in the Gleason score 9 in serum of patients and MT shows a descending trend in relation to Gleason score.

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“…The combination of KLK2 with tPSA and fPSA measurements in serum increases the ability of discrimination of PCa from benign prostate hyperplasia, particularly in the PSA 'gray zone' (Raaijmakers et al, 2007). Additionally, increased KLK2 serum levels in parallel with low f/tPSA rate are associated with rapid PCa progression (Ulmert et al, 2009).…”

Section: Klks As Cancer Prognostic Biomarkers Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Kallikrein-related peptidase genes as promising biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of human malignancies

Avgeris

Mavridis

Scorilas

2010

Biological Chemistry

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Tissue kallikrein (KLK1) and the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK2-15) genes encode for a subgroup of 15 homologous secreted serine proteases possessing numerous physiological roles, such as the regulation of blood pressure, hormone processing and tissue remodeling. The expression of KLKs is detected in a broad spectrum of human tissues where it has been found to be regulated mainly by steroids hormones. The aberrant expression of KLKs, presented in many human malignancies, highlights the significance of this gene family for early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cancer patients, as it is strongly emphasized by the routine use of PSA (KLK3) for prostate cancer management. Here, we review the presently known data regarding the role of KLKs as cancer biomarkers, giving emphasis on novel information about the subject.

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hK2 and Free PSA, a Prognostic Combination in Predicting Minimal Prostate Cancer in Screen-Detected Men within the PSA Range 4–10 ng/ml

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Human Kallikrein-2, Prostate Specific Antigen and Free-Prostate Specific Antigen in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian Patients

Human Kallikrein-2, Prostate Specific Antigen and Free-Prostate Specific Antigen in Combination to Discriminate Prostate Cancer from Benign Diseases in Syrian Patients

Evaluation ofalpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, metallothionein and prostate specific antigen as prostate cancer prognostic markers

Kallikrein-related peptidase genes as promising biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of human malignancies

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