HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers in Different Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kerman, Iran

Tavakoli, Fatemeh; Karamouzian, Mohammad; Rafiei-Rad, Ali Ahmad; Iranpour, Abedin; Farrokhnia, Mehrdad; Noroozi, Mehdi; Sharifi, Ali; Marshall, Brandon D. L.; Shokoohi, Mostafa; Sharifi, Hamid

doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2019.92

Cited by 19 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Knowledge of HIV and health service delivery to PLWHA acquired through HIV training they attended and the experience of treating HIV patients, helped them overcome the fear of contracting HIV from patients and supported their non-discriminatory and stigmatising attitudes and behaviours toward PLWHA. These support the findings of previous studies ( 41 , 42 , 53 ), which have reported that exposure to HIV-related knowledge or having in-depth HIV knowledge, attending training of stigma and discrimination, gaining more experience in treating HIV patients and frequent contact with them, are associated with low level of stigmatising attitudes or negative predictors of stigma and discrimination among health professionals. Supporting the constructs of HSDF and the findings of previous studies ( 1 , 2 , 24 , 42 ), the current study also suggests that HIV stigma and discrimination are hindering factors for the access to healthcare services among PLWHA and also lead to concealment of HIV status and self-isolation of PLWHA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Stigma and discrimination are major challenges facing People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally due to their HIV status. As part of a larger qualitative study in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, using in-depth interviews with 92 PLWHA (52 women, 40 men) and 20 healthcare providers, this paper describes perspectives and personal experiences of the 20 healthcare providers, relating to HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA in both study settings. The healthcare providers were recruited from healthcare facilities providing HIV-related healthcare services, using a snowball sampling technique. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. Health stigma and discrimination framework guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings presented the views and perspectives of healthcare providers that HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA still occurred within families, communities and healthcare settings. These were reflected in negative labelling, separation of personal belongings, avoidance, denial of treatment and rejection of PLWHA by healthcare providers, family and community members. Some healthcare providers reported that they had personally stigmatised and discriminated against PLWHA. A lack of knowledge about HIV, fear of contracting HIV, personal values, religious thoughts and sociocultural values and norms, were reported as drivers or facilitators behind this HIV-related stigma and discrimination. The findings indicate the importance of continued HIV/AIDS education for families, community members and healthcare providers, to raise awareness and to ensure that healthy and professional support systems are in place for PLWHA. The findings indicate the need to enhance improvement within the healthcare or HIV care system to adequately address the needs of PLWHA, which may facilitate their early initiation of HIV treatment and better treatment adherence and retention to increase Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) count and suppress viral load. Future studies are also needed to explore the role that government and non-government institutions can play in improving health service delivery for people newly diagnosed with HIV and those living with HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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“…Education for prisoners and training for prison staff can both play an essential role in reducing stigma in prison settings (Tavakoli et al 2019;Woo et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple burdens of stigma for prisoners participating in opioid antagonist treatment (OAT) programmes in Indonesian prisons: a qualitative study

Komalasari

Wilson

Nasir

et al. 2020

IJPH

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Purpose In spite of the effectiveness of opioid antagonist treatment (OAT) in reducing injecting drug use and needle sharing, programmes in prison continue to be largely stigmatised. This affects programme participation and the quality of programmes delivered. This study aims to explore how Indonesian prison staff and prisoners perceived and experienced stigma relating to prison OAT programmes and identify potential strategies to alleviate this stigma. Design/methodology/approach Three prisons in Indonesia were selected as part of a qualitative case study. Two of the prisons provided OAT, in the form of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit study participants. In total, 57 semi-structured interviews were conducted with prison governors, health-care staff, prison officers and prisoners. Prisoners included both participants and non-participants in methadone programmes. The data were analysed thematically. Findings MMT programme participants were perceived by both prison staff and other prisoners to be engaged in illicit drug use, and as lazy, poor, dirty and unproductive people. They were also presumed to be HIV-positive. These multi-layered, intersectional sources of (inter-personal) stigma amplified the effects on prisoners affecting not only their quality of life and mental health but also their access to prison parole programmes, and therefore the possibility of early release. In addition, organisational factors – notably non-confidential programme delivery and lack of both family and institutional supports for methadone prisoners – exacerbated the stigmatisation of MMT programme participants. Practical implications Effective strategies to alleviate stigma surrounding OAT programmes such as MMT programmes are urgently needed to ensure participation in and the quality of programmes in prisons. Originality/value Many prisoners reported experiencing stigma relating to their participation in MMT programmes in both the methadone prisons studied. They often emphasised the ways that this stigmatisation was amplified by the ways that MMT programme participation was associated with drug use and HIV infection. However, these intersecting experiences and concerns were not recognised by health-care staff or other prison staff. Effective strategies to alleviate stigma surrounding OAT programmes such as MMT programmes are urgently needed to ensure participation in and the quality of programmes in prisons.

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“…The results of a study implemented in Tehran using WHOQoL-BREF showed that patients with HIV are faced with many problems when trying to get medical treatment for the disease and other conditions because of stigma, lack of awareness, incomplete information on how the disease is transmitted, or intense fear of personnel and health professionals [ 16 ]. Experiencing HIV-related stigma and discrimination among PLHIV is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes including feelings of anxiety, fear, frustration, depression, stress, shame, rejection, and self-isolation as well as limited access to treatment and healthcare services [ 17 ]. Improving the quality of life is central to the care and support of PLHIV [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV in Southwest Iran in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study

Joulaei

Mousavi

Foroozanfar

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the most important indicators in assessing the health and well-being of HIV-positive patients. The present study investigated the HRQoL of HIV patients referred to Abadan’s Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) center in 2019. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 134 HIV+ patients referred to Abadan’s VCT center were selected through convenience sampling. Demographic information was collected through a researcher-made checklist; the patients’ status and health information were collected through electronic medical records of HIV+ patients and their records at the VCT center. The HRQoL index was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using simple and multiple linear regression as well as a t -test in SPSS software. A P value < 0.05 was considered as the significance level in all tests. The mean of the HRQoL in all the participating patients was 56.42 ± 22.66 . The highest and lowest mean scores of HRQoL domains were related to social relationships ( 57.53 ± 24.73 ) and environmental health ( 53.68 ± 19.07 ). There was a positive significant relationship between the marital status, residency, years of education, duration of infection, transmission route, and antiretroviral (ARV) therapy with the score of the HRQoL. The results showed a moderate score for the mean HRQoL and its domains. The present study revealed the necessity of improving HIV+ patients’ living conditions, employment status, health education, and mental health care.

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HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers in Different Healthcare Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kerman, Iran

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia

HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Perspectives and Personal Experiences of Healthcare Providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia

Multiple burdens of stigma for prisoners participating in opioid antagonist treatment (OAT) programmes in Indonesian prisons: a qualitative study

Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV in Southwest Iran in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study

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