HIV Infection–Related Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

Sterling, Timothy R.; Pham, Paul A.; Chaisson, Richard E.

doi:10.1086/651495

Cited by 124 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Overall, 32% of TB cases were estimated to be co-infected with HIV in this region, which accounted for 74% of TB cases among people living with HIV worldwide. In parts of southern Africa, more than 50% of TB cases were co-infected with HIV [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practice of TB Patients on TB and its Treatment in Alamata District Tigray Region Northeast Ethiopia

Tesfahuneygn¹

2017

Mycobact Dis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practice of TB Patients on TB and its Treatment in Alamata District Tigray Region Northeast Ethiopia

Tesfahuneygn¹

2017

Mycobact Dis

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“…Rifampin's induction of glucuronidation also results in a decrease of the AUC of the INSTI, raltegravir, by 40 %. If rifampin and raltegravir are to be co-administered, an increase in the INSTI dose to 800 mg twice daily is required to maintain efficacy [32,33].…”

Section: Antitubercular Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Toxicity of HIV Medications II: Interactions with Drugs and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Products

et al. 2015

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For many patients today, HIV has become a chronic disease. For those patients who have access to and adhere to lifelong antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the potential for drugdrug interactions has become a real and life-threatening concern. It is known that most ARV drug interactions occur through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. Medications for comorbid medical conditions, holistic supplements, and illicit drugs can be affected by CYP inhibitors and inducers and have the potential to cause harm and toxicity. Protease inhibitors (PIs) tend to inhibit CYP3A4, while most nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) tend to induce the enzyme. As such, failure to adjust the dose of coadministered medications, such as statins and steroids, may lead to serious complications including rhabdomyolysis and hypercortisolism, respectively. Similarly, gastric acid blockers can decrease several ARV absorption, and warfarin doses may need to be adjusted to maintain therapeutic concentrations. Illicit drugs such as methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") in combination with PIs lead to increased toxicity, while the concomitant administration of sedative drugs such as midazolam and alprazolam in patients taking PIs can result in prolonged sedation, delayed recovery, and increased length of stay. Even supplements like St. John's Wort can alter PI concentrations. In theory, any drug that is metabolized by CYP has potential for a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction with all PIs, cobicistat, and most NNRTIs. When adding a new medication to an ARV regimen, use of a drug-drug interaction software and/or consultation with a clinical pharmacist/pharmacologist or HIV specialist is recommended.

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“…Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appeared to reduce the risk of death by preventing gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. As a result, the WHO and the United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), recommend that patients with HIV infection-related TB be treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during and after treatment for TB (Sterling et al, 2010). HIV infection is associated with high rates of recurrent TB, particularly in developing countries.…”

Section: Mycobacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A course of isoniazid after completion of standard anti-TB treatment has been associated with lower rates of TB recurrence, particularly among HIV-infected persons. Although this strategy has been proven to be effective in settings with a high incidence of TB and HIV infection, it is often not provided because of logistical constraints (Sterling et al, 2010). Among HIV-infected persons who receive a diagnosis of TB and do not receive HAART, the mortality rate is high (as high as 91% among persons with AIDS).…”

Section: Mycobacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%