HIV Infection in the Etiology of Lung Cancer: Confounding, Causality, and Consequences

Kirk, Gregory D.; Merlo, Christian A.

doi:10.1513/pats.201009-061wr

Cited by 55 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Conversely, several studies have reported that the incidence of lung cancer in HIV-infected individuals remains high even after adjustments for smoking or independently of smoking [133,[136][137][138]. In the largest cohort study conducted to date, involving 110 000 veterans, it was reported that HIV-infected cases had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer than HIV-uninfected cases, and that HIV was an independent risk factor for lung cancer after controlling for a number of confounding variables, including smoking [140].…”

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much has been written about the occurrence of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients, with initial studies variously documenting it to be increased, decreased or the same in HIV-infected patients, compared to the general population [133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141]. More recently, several studies have suggested that there is indeed an increased incidence of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients, especially evident in the post-HAART era and associated with a poor outcome [134-138, 140, 141], with the adjusted risk ranging from 2.0 to 7.0 [18].…”

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, several studies have suggested that there is indeed an increased incidence of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients, especially evident in the post-HAART era and associated with a poor outcome [134-138, 140, 141], with the adjusted risk ranging from 2.0 to 7.0 [18]. This increased risk may relate, at least in part, to the fact that HIV-infected persons, especially intravenous drug users, tend to smoke more than the general population [135,138]. This contention is supported by reports of a high frequency of lung cancer in HIV-infected persons who smoke, as opposed to those who do not [135,139].…”

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oncogenic role of HIV and chronic immunosuppression) and increased susceptibility of HIV-infected persons to mutagens/carcinogens such as chronic inflammation-derived ROS and possibly antiretroviral agents [135,141]. However, the role of immunosuppression is unclear, with several studies suggesting involvement [136,139], while others have presented evidence to the contrary [138].…”

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

2015

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HIV-infected persons not only have higher rates of smoking than the general population, but are also unusually vulnerable to the associated adverse health effects, both infective and noninfective in origin. Indeed, in the setting of well-organised care and availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV infection per se, presenting a major challenge to healthcare providers. Not surprisingly, the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to the damaging interactive chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of HIV and smoking, intensifying the risk of the development of opportunistic infections, as well as lung cancer and obstructive lung disorders. The impact of smoking on the immunopathogenesis and frequencies of these respiratory conditions in the setting of HIV infection, as well as on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy, represent the primary focus of this review. @ERSpublications Smoking exacerbates the immunosuppressive/pro-inflammatory effects of HIV, increasing the risk of pulmonary disease

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Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Noninfective Pulmonary Conditions Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

2015

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“…It seems that the risk is higher in patients who are or used to be smokers (23). However this statement is under debate (22).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8^th TNM classification

Grapatsas¹,

Leivaditis²,

Tsilogianni³

et al. 2017

Oncomedicine

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Lung cancer is a primary health issue which preoccupies the health professional community worldwide. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women in the developed countries. It is mainly divided into two types. The non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The NSCLC is the most common type and consists the 87% of lung cancer overall. The staging and the therapeutic approach of NSCLC is based on TNM classification system. Currently the 7 th revision is being used for the appropriate classification of the cancer stadium. By the end of 2016 a new 8 th TNM classification is awaited.

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State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI

Engels,

Shiels,

Barnabas

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Cancer

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An estimated 38 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and are at excess risk for multiple cancer types. Elevated cancer risks in people living with HIV (PLWH) are driven primarily by increased exposure to carcinogens, most notably oncogenic viruses acquired through shared transmission routes, plus acceleration of viral carcinogenesis by HIV‐related immunosuppression. In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy of PLWH has increased, with cancer now a leading cause of co‐morbidity and death. Furthermore, the types of cancers occurring among PLWH are shifting over time and vary in their relative burden in different parts of the world. In this context, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a meeting in September 2022 of multinational and multidisciplinary experts to focus on cancer in PLWH. This report summarizes the proceedings, including a review of the state of the science of cancer descriptive epidemiology, etiology, molecular tumor characterization, primary and secondary prevention, treatment disparities and survival in PLWH around the world. A consensus of key research priorities and recommendations in these domains is also presented.

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HIV Infection in the Etiology of Lung Cancer: Confounding, Causality, and Consequences

Cited by 55 publications

References 58 publications

Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8^th TNM classification

State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI

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HIV Infection in the Etiology of Lung Cancer: Confounding, Causality, and Consequences

Cited by 55 publications

References 58 publications

Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8th TNM classification

State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI

Contact Info

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Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8^th TNM classification