Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8<sup>th</sup> TNM classification

Grapatsas, Konstantinos; Leivaditis, Vasilis; Tsilogianni, Zoi; Haussmann, Eugene; Kaplunov, V.A.; Dahm, Michael; Hohenforst-Schmidt, Wolfgang; Tsakiridis, Kosmas; Foroulis, Cristoforos; Paliouras, Dimitrios; Barbetakis, Nikolaos; Kosan, B.

doi:10.7150/oncm.17097

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…3 Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological subtype, accounting for 87% of all cases. 4 In France, most patients with NSCLC without an actionable oncogenic driver receive platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. 5 In phase III clinical trials, antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab have shown greater efficacy compared with docetaxel in second-line treatment of NSCLC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

et al. 2020

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EVIDENS is an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in lung cancer patients in France (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03382496).Adults with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer and initiating treatment with nivolumab were recruited from 146 sites in France. This analysis included only patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received ≥1 nivolumab infusion, and evaluated patient characteristics at the time of nivolumab initiation and its effectiveness and safety after a median follow-up of 18 months.A total of 1,420 patients with NSCLC were included, most of whom had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0-1 (82.9%), non-squamous histology (69.2%) and stage IV disease (91.4%). Brain metastases were present in 19.9% of patients. Nivolumab was a secondline or ≥third-line regimen in 73.6% and 26.1% of patients, respectively. Almost all patients had prior chemotherapy (99.7%). Median overall survival was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0--12.4). ECOG PS, smoking status, corticosteroids at baseline, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status, presence of symptomatic brain metastases and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were independent predictors of survival. Grade 3 and 4 TRAEs were reported in 105 (7.4%) and 12 (0.8%) patients, respectively; no treatment-related deaths were reported.Preliminary results of the EVIDENS study confirm the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab, mostly in pre-treated advanced NSCLC patients, with similar benefits to those observed in the phase III randomized clinical trials, despite a broader study population. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

et al. 2020

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“…Such an increase is because of the greater duration and intensity of smoke exposure at home than in other places. 14 As a consequence, children and other people in contact with smokers at home are at higher risks of developing lung cancer than those far from such people. The possibility of non-smokers having lung cancer due to passive smoking is predicted to be increased by 25%, and the percentage is expected to increase in the future dramatically.…”

Section: Association Between Passive Smoking and Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of passive smoking and lung cancer: Is there substantial evidence to prove the causation?

Ambati¹

2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Cigarette smoking plays a crucial role in the development of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke positively influences lung cancer development in both smokers and never or non-smokers. The influence of passive smoke on lung cancer development is associated with toxic substances that cause chronic inflammation in the respiratory systems. Frequent or high exposure to second-hand or environmental tobacco smoke causes respiratory infections that impair lung function and triggers lung cancer development through cell damage, mitosis, and apoptosis. The toxic substances found in second-hand smoke, including carcinogens, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nitrosamines, have a significant association with squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Although some previously conducted studies showed no significant association between passive smoking and lung cancer, recent studies provide substantial evidence between their associations. Thus, exposure to passive smoke increases the risks of lung cancer.

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“…Berdasarkan literatur, yang termasuk dalam NSCLC antara lain adenokarsinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dan large cell carcinoma; dimana adenocarsinoma mewakili 40% dan squamous cell carcinoma mewakili 20-30%; sedangkan jenis SCLC mewakili 15% dari keseluruhan kanker paru. 12,14 Berdasarkan stadium kanker paru pada studi ini, jenis NSCLC terdiri dari 3 pasien (16,7%) stadium IIIA, 2 pasien (11,1%) stadium IIIB, dan 10 pasien (55,5%) stadium IV; sedangkan jenis SCLC yang terdiri dari 3 pasien (16,7%) berada pada stadium IV (extensive stage). Pada studi ini, baik pada NSCLC maupun SCLC, stadium terbanyak adalah stadium IV.…”

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Preliminary Study: Increased Profile of PAI-1 in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

2020

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Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate in the world. Lung cancer management requires biomarkers to evaluate the chemotherapy response. Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in malignancy >14 ng/ml shows poor prognosis. Increased levels of PAI-1 are associated with stage, metastasis, and prognosis of lung cancer. The chemotherapy is thought to decrease PAI-1 levels. The aim this study is analyze the profile of PAI-1 levels before and after 3rd and 6th chemotherapy cycle and their changes by type of lung cancer and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Methods: This research was conducted from December 2016 to December 2017 at RSSA Malang. The study design was a cohort of 18 lung cancer patients. PAI-1 levels were measured by ELISA in 18 lung cancer stage III or IV patients before (PAI-1(1)) and after 3rd chemotherapy cycle (PAI-1(2)), and 9 patients after 6th chemotherapy cycle (PAI-1(3)). Average PAI-1 levels are presented in tables and graphs. Result: PAI-1(1) 2,151±0,564 ng/ml, PAI-1(2) 1,951±0,534 ng/ml, and PAI-1(3) 1,647±0,495 ng/ml. PAI-1 levels in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were 1.658±0.562 ng/ml and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were 1.609±0.244 ng/ml. Levels of PAI-1(2) in partial response 1.784 ± 0.363 ng/ml, stable disease 1.980 ± 0.304 ng/ml, and progressive disease 2.020±0.635 ng/ml. Levels of PAI-1(3) in the partial response 1.427 ± 0.324 ng/ml and in progressive disease 2.085±0.532 ng/ml. Conclusions: PAI-1 levels in patients with stage III and IV lung cancer after chemotherapy were lower than before chemotherapy, and showed changes corresponding to the response according to RECIST. PAI-1 levels in NSCLC are higher than SCLC. (J Respir Indo 2018; 38(1): 48-56)

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Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8^th TNM classification

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

Association of passive smoking and lung cancer: Is there substantial evidence to prove the causation?

Preliminary Study: Increased Profile of PAI-1 in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

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Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8th TNM classification

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

Effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of lung cancer patients in France: preliminary results from the real-world EVIDENS study

Association of passive smoking and lung cancer: Is there substantial evidence to prove the causation?

Preliminary Study: Increased Profile of PAI-1 in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

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Epidemiology, risk factors, symptomatology, TNM classification of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. An overview while waiting the 8^th TNM classification