HIV Infection as a Risk Factor for Shigellosis1

Baer, Jefferson; Vugia, Duc J.; Reingold, Arthur; Aragón, Tomás; Angulo, Frederick J.; Bradford, Williamson Z.

doi:10.3201/eid0506.990614

Cited by 79 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The recently reported outbreak of S. sonnei among MSM in California was caused by a TMP-SMX-resistant strain. Furthermore, a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus infection has been reported among MSM with S. sonnei infection in the Bay Area (6). The widespread use of TMP-SMX for prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia among MSM may predispose this population of adult men to TMP-SMX-resistant S. sonnei infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

Sivapalasingam

Joyce

Hoekstra

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Self Cite

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the United States, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. Since 1999, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for Enteric Bacteria has tested every 10th Shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. From 1999 to 2002, NARMS tested 1,604 isolates. Among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were Shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) were Shigella flexneri, 18 (1%) were Shigella boydii, and 7 (0.4%) were Shigella dysenteriae. Overall, 1,251 (78%) were resistant to ampicillin and 744 (46%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Prevalence of TMP-SMX-or ampicillin-and TMP-SMX-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates varied by geographic region, with lower rates in the South and Midwest regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 27% and 30%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 25% and 22%, respectively) and higher rates in the East and West regions (TMP-SMX resistance, 66% and 80%, respectively; ampicillin and TMP-SMX resistance, 54% and 65%, respectively). Nineteen isolates (1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (1% of S. sonnei and 2% of S. flexneri isolates); 12 (63%) of these isolates had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. One S. flexneri isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Since 1986, resistance to ampicillin and TMP-SMX has dramatically increased. Shigella isolates in the United States remain susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

Sivapalasingam

Joyce

Hoekstra

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Self Cite

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There seems to be no differences related to the immune condition and the commonest isolated species of the Shigella genus 6 , although an approximately twenty-fold increase in risk to develop gastroenteritis has been described in AIDS patients carrying this bacterium compared to the general population 35,36 . Recently, S. sonnei was detected in 11% of diarrheic HIV-infected children from the Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil 78 , but without a positive association with this condition.…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological agents of diarrhea in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus-1: a review

Rossit¹,

Gonçalves

Franco

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the importance of understanding the epidemiology of agents responsible for infectious diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) population, the number of articles about this subject is relatively few. The current article summarizes published data on bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in the HIV/AIDS seropositive subjects in different countries, regions and localities. In general, there is a great difference in the frequencies of etiological agents due to factors which include immune status, geographical location, climate and socioeconomic conditions. It is important to stress that a great prevalence of infection by emergent agents has been reported in the more advanced stages of AIDS. Therefore, to establish specific treatment depends directly on knowledge of these agents and risk factors associated to their distribution. Moreover, the colonization by potential pathogenic agents verified in these individuals is high thus implicating that they act as carriers. Finally, public health measures of control and prevention must take into consideration the regional previously identified enteropathogens, especially in areas where HIV prevalence is high.

show abstract

“…In addition, behavioral factors in MSM can contribute to outbreaks and spreading of resistant strains. 11,20,21 Therefore, increased monitoring and counseling for shigellosis would be recommendable, notably in HIV-positive MSM with diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

Toro¹,

Arroyo²,

Sarria³

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An increase of sexually transmitted shigellosis is currently being reported in developed countries. In addition, travel-related shigellosis can introduce resistant strains that could be disseminated within this new scenario. Epidemiological features and antimicrobial susceptibility of shigellosis depending on where infection was acquired were investigated. From 2008 to 2013, subjects with shigellosis were studied. Patients were classified according to acquisition of Shigella as traveler's diarrhea (TD) or domestically acquired diarrhea (DAD). Ninety cases of shigellosis were identified: 76 corresponding to the TD group and 14 to the DAD group. In the DAD group, most of patients were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), being shigellosis associated to male sex (P = 0.007) and HIV infection (P < 0.0001). S. sonnei (47.8%) and S. flexneri (42.2%) were the predominant species. The highest resistance was detected for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (81.8%), followed by ampicillin (AMP) (37.8%) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) (23.3%). Resistant Shigella strains were more frequent in subjects with TD than those with DAD, although only for CIP the difference was significant (P = 0.034). Continuous monitoring of patients with shigellosis is necessary to control the spread of resistant Shigella strains and for effective therapy. Men with shigellosis who have not traveled to an endemic area should be screened for HIV infection.

show abstract

HIV Infection as a Risk Factor for Shigellosis1

Cited by 79 publications

References 13 publications

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Shigella Isolates in the United States Tested by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System from 1999 to 2002

Etiological agents of diarrhea in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus-1: a review

Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About