Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

Toro, Carlos; Arroyo, Ana; Sarria, Ana; Iglesias, Nuria; Enríquez, Ana; Baquero, Margarita; Guevara, Concepción Ladrón de

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0804

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Upon antibiotic therapy, duration of symptoms and the transmission rate is reduced by shortening the period of Shigella excretion. However, life-threatening complications can occur in severe cases with Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Shigella, which defines the ability of organisms to withstand the inhibitory effect of at least one agent in ≥3 antimicrobial categories ( 1 )( 2 )( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

et al. 2017

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Background: Shigella spp. are gram negative bacteria, which are of global public health importance. The growing of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates are a major problem around the world . Methods: Overall, 50 isolates of Shigella spp. from children diarrheic stools were studied. The isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical, serological and molecular methods ( ipaH, wbgZ and rfc genes). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines against minocycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Also, the role of efflux pump in defense of Shigella against tetracycline was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with and without an efflux pump inhibitor. Detection of tetA , tetB , tetC and tetD genes in Shigella was evaluated by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real time PCR. Results: Molecular identification revealed a prevalence of 14% for Shigella flexneri and 86% for Shigella sonnei. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 90% of resistant isolates was changed in the presence CCCP. Results of conventional PCR exhibited that 66% of isolates were positive for tetA, while according to real time PCR method, 90% of isolates carried tetA . Positive results for tetB were 12% and 18% by conventional and real time PCR methods, respectively. No positive results were detected for tetC and tetD. Also, tetB was detected only in S. flexneri while tetA was detected in both S. flexneri and S. sonnei. Conclusion: It seems that efflux-mediated tetracycline resistance to tetracycline in S. flexneri can be related to tetB, however resistance in S. sonnei can be related to the expression of tetA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

et al. 2017

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“…Globally, the primary causative agents of gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries are Shigella flexneri, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and various strains of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (9)(10)(11). While the resulting disease is usually mild and self-limiting, it can be fatal, particularly in immunocompromised individuals (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia are Susceptible to Invasive Enteric Bacterial Infection

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY: Diabetes mellitus and diarrhea are becoming increasingly burdensome worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as India. Diabetic patients are susceptible to infection with pathogenic bacteria, particularly those causing invasive enteric infections. In this study, we observed changes in the pathophysiological features of mice with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. In our experiments, both hyperglycemic and control mice were infected with pathogenic enteric bacteria-nontyphoidal Salmonella, Shigella flexneri, or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Morbidity, mortality, and bacterial load were all higher in the diabetic mice than in the control mice, and the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of peritoneal macrophages isolated from hyperglycemic mice were lower than they were in the controls. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia leads to a downregulation of the innate immune response, which in turn increases vulnerability to enteric bacterial infection.

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“…Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection can cause diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, and result in weight loss [47]. Shigella adhere to intestinal epithelial cells, destroying the intestinal mucosa and causing ulceration which can lead to intestinal obstruction and diarrhea, adversely affecting the health and growth of the host [48,49].…”

Section: Effects Of Fermented Mushroom Residue Feed On Goat Rumen Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fermented Mushroom Residue Feed on Growth Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Goats

Zhang

Dou

Chen

et al. 2021

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Background: The high content of fiber and macromolecular substances in mushroom residue limits its utilization potential. After we fermented seafood mushroom residue with microorganisms, we found that its palatability and utilization have been greatly improved.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feed containing fermented seafood mushroom residue on the growth performance and rumen microorganisms of goats. Methods: Forty-eight Jianyang big-ear goats with similar weight and good health were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 goats in each group. The control group (C) was fed a basic diet, and the experimental group 1 (L), 2 (M), and 3 (H) were fed diets supplemented with 20%, 30% and 40% fermented seafood mushroom residue.Results: Incorporating 20% fermented mushroom residue significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and reduced feed to gain ratio (F/G). Incorporating 30% in the diet significantly increased both ADFI and F/G. Growth performance was reduced when greater than 30% fermented mushroom residue was added. The beta diversity of the rumen flora was significantly increased with the 20% fermented mushroom residue diet. The relative abundance of Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Prevotellaceae increased, and the KEGG pathways related to metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were enhanced. Forty-nine KEGG pathways significantly associated with ADG were identified. Twenty-six pathways, including protein kinases, mineral absorption, propanoate metabolism, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, were positively correlated with ADG. The remaining pathways, including pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, shigellosis, and cyanoamino acid metabolism, were negatively correlated with ADG.Conclusions: These results show that adding 20% fermented seafood mushroom residue can improve the growth performance of goats and have a positive effect on goat rumen microorganisms.

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Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia are Susceptible to Invasive Enteric Bacterial Infection

Effects of Fermented Mushroom Residue Feed on Growth Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Goats

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Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Investigation of Efflux-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Shigella Isolates Using the Inhibitor and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia are Susceptible to Invasive Enteric Bacterial Infection

Effects of Fermented Mushroom Residue&nbsp;Feed on Growth Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Goats

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Effects of Fermented Mushroom Residue Feed on Growth Performance and Rumen Microorganisms of Goats