HIV infection and related risk behaviors in a community of recyclable waste collectors of Santos, Brazil

Rozman, Mauro Abrahão; Alves, Igor Santino; Porto, Marcela Alves; Gomes, Patrícia Oliveira; Ribeiro, Nilva Maria; Nogueira, Lucyene Aparecida Andrade; Caseiro, Marcos Monteiro; Silva, Vera Aparecida da; Massad, Eduardo; Burattini, Marcelo Nascimento

doi:10.1590/s0034-89102008000500008

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In this study, only 25.4% of the participants presented a serological profile consistent with previous immunisation, and 64.8% did not present hepatitis B serologic markers, indicating viral susceptibility. Low serological evidence of HBV immunisation has also been found in other studies in PLP or in those with extreme social vulnerability in Brazil [20, 35, 36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In Brazil, few population-based studies investigated the epidemiology of hepatitis B in PLP [34]. Considering the studies conducted in other PLP or proxy populations, the results were similar to low-income adolescents (5.9%; 95% CI, 4.2–8.0%) [19] and recyclable material pickers (12.8%; 95% CI, 9.8–16.2%) [35] of Goiânia, Central-West Region. These results indicated that the Central-West Region has a low endemicity for hepatitis B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in people living in poverty in the central-west region of Brazil

et al. 2019

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Background People living in poverty (PLP) are highly vulnerable to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HBV infection in PLP in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás State, in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2016 in adults aged ≥12 years living in poverty. The following serological markers for HBV were investigated: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBV core antigen (total anti-HBc), IgM anti-HBc, and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), which were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed to verify the factors associated with HBV exposure. Results The study included 378 participants. The overall prevalence rate of HBV (any viral marker) was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2–13.2). The prevalence rate of HBsAg in combination with total anti-HBc was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3–2.4), total anti-HBc in combination with anti-HBs was 7.7% (95% CI, 5.4–10.9), and total anti-HBc alone was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.5–3.0) in the population. Furthermore, isolated positivity for anti-HBs was identified in only 25.4% (95% CI, 21.3–30.0) of the participants. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07), female sex (APR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.01–4.73), sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol (APR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.36–7.06), and exposure to Treponema pallidum (APR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.36–7.06) were associated with HBV exposure. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of HBV exposure in PLP in the Central-West Region of Brazil, indicating significant viral spread of the infection. Additionally, there was low serological evidence of immunisation against hepatitis B, indicating that a large proportion of the participants in this study are susceptible to the infection. The results support the need for public health policies that facilitate access to the existing healthcare services in hard-to-reach groups with special regard to immunisation programmes against hepatitis B.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in people living in poverty in the central-west region of Brazil

et al. 2019

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“…In recent decades, there has been a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the central region of Brazil due to vaccination coverage, especially among young people and children (Pereira et al, 2009;Lindenberg et al, 2013;Souto, 2016). Despite this, several studies conducted in the same region have shown a high prevalence of HBV infection in vulnerable populations, including prisoners, drug users, truck drivers, homosexual men and recyclable waste collectors (Seage et al, 1997;Tavares-Neto et al, 2004;Neaigus et al, 2007;Nunes et al, 2007;Matos et al, 2008;Rozman et al, 2008;Stief et al, 2010;Freitas et al, 2014;Iglecias et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They collect, separate, classify and sell all kinds of recyclable waste, living on the margin of society and facing a lack of perspective, unemployment, and vulnerability. This socioeconomic exclusion and stigmatization (Rozman et al, 2008;Porta et al, 2009), combined with risky behaviors, lead to a high vulnerability to infectious diseases (Medeiros and Macêdo, 2006;Marinho et al, 2014;Trépo et al, 2014). HIV, HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are most commonly transmitted through percutaneous, parenteral and sexual contacts and may be present in several types of solid waste: tissues, dressings, preservatives, absorbents, needles, and syringes (Liaw and Chu, 2009;Trépo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, there are few studies worldwide regarding the epidemiological status of HBV infection and factors associated with hepatitis B immunization among recyclable waste collectors (Rozman et al, 2008;Marinho et al, 2014). Therefore, this study aims to characterize the epidemiological and molecular aspects of HBV infection among recyclable waste collectors in Campo Grande, Central Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

Weis-Torres

Fitts

Cardoso

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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To evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features of HBV infection among recyclable waste collectors. Methods: The participants were recruited from the dumping ground and recycling cooperatives in Campo Grande, Brazil, and were screened for hepatitis B and C, and HIV serological markers by ELISA, confirmed by PCR. Results: Among 278 participants, 63.7% (95% CI: 58.0-69.3) were considered susceptible to HBV infection. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure was 10.1% (95% CI: 6.5-13.6) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1-0.6) were chronic carriers. Age !45 years (AOR = 7.15), history of homosexual contact (AOR = 5.29), tattoo (AOR = 4.92) and history of surgery (AOR = 2.89) were factors associated with ever infection. Age 18-25 years (AOR = 4.63), educational level !9 years (AOR = 1.98) and knowledge about HBV transmission (AOR = 3.08) were associated with serological HBV vaccination like profile (26.2%; 95% CI: 21.1-31.4). Conclusions: Despite the availability and efficacy of HBV vaccine, this study found high HBV exposure and proportion of susceptible adults in a low endemic area. Vaccination and screening campaigns using accessible language to the economically disadvantaged populations can reduce the number of people susceptible to HBV infection.

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Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection in Brazil and associated factors: a review

Kuehlkamp¹,

Schuelter-Trevisol²

2013

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus share the same transmission routes, which makes co-infection an unfavorable condition for the natural history of both viral diseases. In this context, it should be highlighted that the knowledge of the extent of co-infection and associated risk factors is a vital tool for prevention and control over infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to review the literature, seeking to examine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection reported in studies conducted in Brazil, and identify the main risk factors associated with co-infection. The electronic search was conducted in the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. The following keywords were used: human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C or hepatitis C virus and Brazil. The search led to 376 articles, of which 69 were selected for data extraction. We excluded animal studies, reports or case series, review articles, letters to the editor, other types of hepatitis and those studies in which co-infected patients were intentionally selected for comparison to single infected individuals. As a result, 40 articles were reviewed. The majority of the population in these studies was male (71%) and young adults, with a mean age of 26.7 years. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus co-infection among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus in the studies conducted in Brazil ranged from 3.3% (serum samples) to 82.4% (drug users), with an average of 20.3%. The findings reveal that the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection is highly variable, depending on the characteristics of the study population. Risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection were injection drug use and blood transfusion.

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HIV infection and related risk behaviors in a community of recyclable waste collectors of Santos, Brazil

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in people living in poverty in the central-west region of Brazil

Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in people living in poverty in the central-west region of Brazil

High level of exposure to hepatitis B virus infection in a vulnerable population of a low endemic area: A challenge for vaccination coverage

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection in Brazil and associated factors: a review

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