HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes:

Sacktor, Ned; Lyles, Robert H.; Skolasky, Richard L.; Kleeberger, Cynthia A.; Selnes, Ola A.; Miller, Eric N.; Becker, James T.; Cohen, Bruce A.; McArthur, Justin C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.56.2.257

Cited by 545 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[1][2][3] HIV-1 dementia complex is characterized histologically as HIV encephalitis (HIVE) with accumulations of perivascular macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, nodular lesions with areas of focal necrosis, and white matter thinning. 4 -6 The transmission of virus to the central nervous system (CNS) by macrophages during acute HIV-1 infection has been proposed to account for HIV-1 dementia complex and HIVE, even though both occur much later in the course of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage/Microglial Accumulation and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in the Central Nervous System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

Fischer

Croul

Adeniyi

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Pathology

107

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This study was performed to quantitate and characterize the mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (HIVE) by immunohistochemistry in an effort to gain insights into potential mechanisms of central nervous system (CNS) accumulation. Single-and double-labeled studies using antibodies against CD14, CD16, CD68, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, von Willebrand factor, and HIV-1 p24 were performed using brain tissue from patients with HIVE, HIV-1 infection without encephalitis, and seronegative controls. A substantial increase in MPs was observed in CNS tissue from patients with HIVE, relative to seronegative controls and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome but without encephalitis, as determined by CD68 and CD16 immunohistochemistry.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage/Microglial Accumulation and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in the Central Nervous System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

Fischer

Croul

Adeniyi

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Pathology

107

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“…Antiretroviral failures occur commonly and represent a particular problem for treatment of brain infection. Indeed, inefficient penetration of antiretroviral drugs into the CNS and ART failure de novo could contribute to viral mutation and sustained viral replication in brain (Jellinger et al, 2000;Sacktor et al, 2001). Therefore, development of new approaches to improve the CNS delivery and efficacy of ART (including novel drug delivery systems) is necessary to improve the targeted efficacy of current drug therapies within the brain sanctuary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Delivery System Enhances Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy in Animal Model for HIV-1 Encephalitis

Spitzenberger

Heilman

Diekmann

et al. 2006

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Most potent antiretroviral drugs (e.g., HIV-1 protease inhibitors) poorly penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Brain distribution can be limited by the efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The ability of a novel drug delivery system (block co-polymer P85) that inhibits P-gp, to increase the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs in brain was examined using a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model of HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). Severe combined immunodeficiency mice inoculated with HIV-1 infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) into the basal ganglia were treated with P85, antiretroviral therapy (ART) (zidovudine, lamivudine and nelfinavir (NEL)), or P85 and ART. Mice were killed on days 7 and 14, and brains were evaluated for levels of viral infection. Antiviral effects of NEL, P85, or their combination were evaluated in vitro using HIV-1 infected MDM and showed antiretroviral effects of P85 alone. In SCID mice injected with virus-infected MDM, the combination of ART-P85 and ART alone showed a significant decrease of HIV-1 p24 expressing MDM (25% and 33% of controls, respectively) at day 7 while P85 alone group was not different from control. At day 14, all treatment groups showed a significant decrease in percentage of HIV-1 infected MDM as compared with control. P85 alone and combined ART-P85 groups showed the most significant reduction in percentage of HIV-1 p24 expressing MDM (8% to 22% of control) that were superior to the ART alone group (38% of control). Our findings indicate major antiretroviral effects of P85 and enhanced in vivo efficacy of antiretroviral drugs when combined with P85 in a SCID mouse model of HIVE.

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“…Houve um declínio nos relatos da incidência de demência com a introdução da HAART e consequente reconstituição imune nos países desenvolvidos 25,26 , mas deve-se ter cautela na interpretação destes dados que subestimam o impacto atual desta doença 27 . Há simultaneamente relatos de aumento da prevalência e um aumento da incidência de déficit cognitivo menor comparado à demência.…”

Section: Fisiopatologia E Epidemiologia Das Alterações Cognitivasunclassified

“…Há simultaneamente relatos de aumento da prevalência e um aumento da incidência de déficit cognitivo menor comparado à demência. Aliado a isto houve um aumento da proporção de indivíduos com alterações cognitivas diagnosticados com uma melhor imunidade (contagem de linfócitos T CD4 maior que 200 céls/mm 3 ) e também um aumento da incidência da demência como doença definidora de Aids 26,27 . Encefalopatia pelo HIV continua presente em cerca 25% dos pacientes que submetem à autópsia.…”

Section: Fisiopatologia E Epidemiologia Das Alterações Cognitivasunclassified

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Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV e Aids

Christo¹

2010

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes:

Cited by 545 publications

References 7 publications

Macrophage/Microglial Accumulation and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in the Central Nervous System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

Macrophage/Microglial Accumulation and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Expression in the Central Nervous System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

Novel Delivery System Enhances Efficacy of Antiretroviral Therapy in Animal Model for HIV-1 Encephalitis

Alterações cognitivas na infecção pelo HIV e Aids

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