HIV Antivirals: Targeting the Functional Organization of the Lipid Envelope

Carravilla, Pablo; Nieva, José L.

doi:10.2217/fvl-2017-0114

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…These results suggested that the HIV membrane constitutes a functional viral component during entry. In line with this hypothesis, different membrane-targeting compounds present antiviral activity, as reviewed in [16] and [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Fluorescence Microscopy of the HIV-1 Envelope

Carravilla

Nieva

Eggeling

2020

Viruses

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitutes a major health and social issue worldwide. HIV infects cells by fusing its envelope with the target cell plasma membrane. This process is mediated by the viral Env glycoprotein and depends on the envelope lipid composition. Fluorescent microscopy has been employed to investigate the envelope properties, and the processes of viral assembly and fusion, but the application of this technique to the study of HIV is still limited by a number of factors, such as the small size of HIV virions or the difficulty to label the envelope components. Here, we review fluorescence imaging studies of the envelope lipids and proteins, focusing on labelling strategies and model systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Many membrane-targeting compounds have been shown to inhibit -or promote -HIV-1 fusion, suggesting that the viral membrane constitutes a functional element of the entry process [16,17]. Still, the exact role of lipids during HIV-1 entry is unknown [38].…”

Section: Imaging Lipids During Hiv Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Microscopy of the HIV-1 Envelope

Carravilla

Nieva

Eggeling

2020

Viruses

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“…Another mediator of HIV cell entry has been described; the phosphatidylserine exposed on the viral membrane can interact with host phosphatidylserine-binding molecules [ 63 ]. However, while membrane-active compounds could inhibit HIV-1 cell entry and display virucidal activity, they face the same challenges as all lipophilic antivirals, a lack of specificity and high cell toxicity [ 64 ].…”

Section: Viral and Host Factors Modulating Hiv-1 Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection

et al. 2021

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed to protect against infection need to be effective at mucosal portals of entry. These strategies need to contend also with cell-free and cell-associated transmitted/founder (T/F) virus forms; both can initiate and establish infection. This review will discuss how insight from the current model of HIV-1 mucosal transmission and cell entry has highlighted challenges in developing effective strategies to prevent infection. First, we examine key viral and host factors that play a role in transmission and infection. We then discuss preventive strategies based on antibody-mediated protection, with emphasis on targeting T/F viruses and mucosal immunity. Lastly, we review treatment strategies targeting viral entry, with focus on the most clinically advanced entry inhibitors.

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“…Although these interactions often imply the presence of membrane receptors, some bioactive amphiphilic molecules directly interact with the lipid matrix of membranes [1][2][3]. Among these, two main classes of molecules, rhamnolipids and lipopeptides, have been the subjects of several studies reporting the crucial role of the biomolecule-lipid phase interactions for their antimicrobial activities (for examples see: [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]). While the mechanism is well described for some biological activities of these membrane-active molecules [10,11], for other bioactivities such as plant immunity stimulation by rhamnolipids [12] or lipopeptides [13][14][15], or their antifungal activities [6,16], the mechanism is still elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added Value of Biophysics to Study Lipid-Driven Biological Processes: The Case of Surfactins, a Class of Natural Amphiphile Molecules

Gilliard¹,

Furlan²,

Smeralda³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The role of membrane lipids is increasingly claimed to explain biological activities of natural amphiphile molecules. To decipher this role, biophysical studies with biomimetic membrane models are often helpful to obtain insights at the molecular and atomic levels. In this review, the added value of biophysics to study lipid-driven biological processes is illustrated using the case of surfactins, a class of natural lipopeptides produced by Bacillus sp. showing a broad range of biological activities. The mechanism of interaction of surfactins with biomimetic models showed to be dependent on the surfactins-to-lipid ratio with action as membrane disturber without membrane lysis at low and intermediate ratios and a membrane permeabilizing effect at higher ratios. These two mechanisms are relevant to explain surfactins’ biological activities occurring without membrane lysis, such as their antiviral and plant immunity-eliciting activities, and the one involving cell lysis, such as their antibacterial and hemolytic activities. In both biological and biophysical studies, influence of surfactin structure and membrane lipids on the mechanisms was observed with a similar trend. Hence, biomimetic models represent interesting tools to elucidate the biological mechanisms targeting membrane lipids and can contribute to the development of new molecules for pharmaceutical or agronomic applications.

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HIV Antivirals: Targeting the Functional Organization of the Lipid Envelope

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

Fluorescence Microscopy of the HIV-1 Envelope

Fluorescence Microscopy of the HIV-1 Envelope

HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection

Added Value of Biophysics to Study Lipid-Driven Biological Processes: The Case of Surfactins, a Class of Natural Amphiphile Molecules

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