Hitting a Baseball: A Biomechanical Description

Welch, Christian M.; Banks, Scott A.; Cook, Frank F.; Draovitch, Pete

doi:10.2519/jospt.1995.22.5.193

Cited by 179 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The baseball club swing, like the throw, is very rapid. The time elapsed between onset of forward motion until ball contact is about 0.58 sec (Welch et al 1995).…”

Section: Development and Maturation Of Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elbows extend, aligning arms and bat; the wrists move ulnarly. They are stabilized at impact to deliver maximum kinetic energy (Jorgensen 1994;Welch et al 1995). The baseball club swing, like the throw, is very rapid.…”

Section: Development and Maturation Of Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then hip rotation is blocked, transferring momentum to the shoulders which, when their movement is terminated, pass the accumulating energy along the arm and hand to the sphere or club. as a general rule, each segment delays its motion until the maximum amount of energy can be transferred to it, linking the transfer of energy to parts of smaller mass moving at higher velocities (Barrentine et al 1998;Bartlett et al 1996;Fleisig et al 1996;Hore et al 2005a;Kibler & McMullin 2003;Marshall & Elliott 2000;Stodden et al 2005;Welch et al 1995;Wilk et al 2000).…”

Section: Similarities In Throwing and Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ontogeny of throwing and striking

Young

2009

Human Ontogenetics

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The ontogeny of throwing and striking R i c h a R d W . Y o u n g r E V i E W abstract humans are the most adept throwers in the animal kingdom. although throwing has been recorded in other primates, it is rare, weak, inaccurate and entails only arm movement. in contrast, human throwing is an explosive act employed from a bipedal stance that involves a complex, exceedingly rapid, full-body movement. This motion generates a pulse of kinetic energy in the legs that is progressively augmented by the pelvis, trunk, arm and hand, where it is transferred to a missile that is launched toward the target with high velocity and accuracy. Linking the study of throwing development in young children with analysis of the adult throwing motion makes it possible to address the question of whether human throwing is an acquired behavior or is based primarily on an inherited motor program. current evidence supports the conclusion that the role of instruction and learning is minimal. human throwing is predominantly the result of an innate motor program which emerges at a very early age in all children without teaching, yields a throwing motion that is the forerunner of the one used by adult athletes, is characterized by a prominent gender difference, and proceeds in some adults to a high level of proficiency. The same conclusions apparently apply also to striking (club-swinging), which employs a similar full-body motion. an explanation for these observations is presented, based upon the concept that throwing and club-swinging prowess provided reproductive advantages during early human evolution.introduction Darwin (1871) was the first to call attention to the remarkable ability of our species to throw with speed and accuracy. "To throw a stone with as true an aim as can a Fuegian in defending himself, or in killing birds," he wrote, "requires the most consummate perfection in the correlated action of the muscles of the hand, arm, and shoulder, not to mention a fine sense of touch" (1871, p. 138). Such behavior is rarely recorded in other primates, and when observed it is ineffective. darwin associated human throwing prowess with a distinctive body structure. The hands and arms could hardly have become perfect enough to have hurled stones and spears with a true aim, he believed, as long as they were habitually used for locomotion, body support, or climbing trees; furthermore, the successful thrower must stand firmly on his feet in an upright, bipedal stance. Today, darwin's conclusions are thoroughly documented. Modern human adults are indeed the most effective throwers by a wide margin, a generalization that can be expanded to include the related behavior of swinging clubs. in their highest development, both motor skills employ a rapid, coordinated sequence of muscle contractions that begins in the legs and traverses the body, progressively accumulating kinetic energy that ultimately is transmitted to the hand, which then projects the missile or club towards a target.is this behavior inherited or learned? is it based upon an innat...

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“…The baseball club swing, like the throw, is very rapid. The time elapsed between onset of forward motion until ball contact is about 0.58 sec (Welch et al 1995).…”

Section: Development and Maturation Of Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development and Maturation Of Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Similarities In Throwing and Strikingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ontogeny of throwing and striking

Young

2009

Human Ontogenetics

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“…To develop a skillful batting technique for baseball and softball demands compound movements that can respond to deliveries with various speeds and trajectories. In order to produce high bat speeds and power, it is necessary for the body segments to accelerate at the proper timing [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Sonifying Temporal Patterns of Body Segments When Batting

Kobayashi

Nasu

Morimoto³

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Abstract:To improve skill in sport activities it is essential to discern the temporal patterns of one's own movements. Our previous motion capture experiment involving elite female softball players identified key differences in the temporal body movements between the top players and young players against fastballs/change-ups. In this paper, we found that key features could be extracted from the rotation of the pelvis and we developed a sonification feedback system with two nine-axes inertial sensors. Rotation patterns are converted into two synthesized sounds to represent the time at peak trunk rotation speed and impact time. We conducted a pilot experiment with this feedback proposal using expert and novice batters, male and female whether the participants can pace of the rotational motion in batting. As a result, this feedback approach may allow the user to alter the time of peak trunk rotation speed to more closely match the cue provided by the training sound.

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“…These forces translate into rotational velocities of 937°/second at the shoulder and 1160°/second at the arms with a resultant linear bat velocity of 31 m/s [26]. The combination of this rotational velocity along with the mass of the bat is believed to be the mechanism of injury in batter's shoulder [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Batter’s Shoulder’: Can Athletes Return to Play at the Same Level After Operative Treatment?

Wanich

Dines

et al. 2012

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Batter's shoulder has been defined as posterior subluxation of the lead shoulder during the baseball swing. However, it is unclear whether or how frequently patients may return to play after treatment of this uncommon condition. Questions/purposes We therefore determined the rate of return to play after operative treatment for Batter's shoulder and whether ROM was restored. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 14 baseball players diagnosed with Batter's shoulder. Four played professionally, six were in college, and four were in varsity high school. The average age was 20.3 years (range, 16-33 years). All had physical examinations and MRI findings consistent with posterior labral tears involving the lead shoulder. Treatment involved arthroscopic posterior labral repair (n = 10), débridement (n = 2), or rehabilitation (n = 2). The minimum followup was 18 months (average, 2.8 years; range, 18-64 months).

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Hitting a Baseball: A Biomechanical Description

Cited by 179 publications

References 10 publications

The ontogeny of throwing and striking

The ontogeny of throwing and striking

Detecting and Sonifying Temporal Patterns of Body Segments When Batting

‘Batter’s Shoulder’: Can Athletes Return to Play at the Same Level After Operative Treatment?

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