History without Evidence: Latin American Inequality since 1491

Williamson, Jeffrey G.

doi:10.3386/w14766

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Unfortunately, today we have little evidence for the pre-independence inequality history of Latin America. Williamson (2009) and Dobado and Garcia (2009) have recently raised some doubts about the early colonial heritage hypothesis (of continuously high inequality). Dobado and Garcia argued that real wages were quite high in some parts of Bourbon Latin America, whereas average income was lower than in Europe.…”

Section: Development Of Educational Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The question is, of course, whether this wage evidence is representative and can inform us about the situation of other poorer strata, which did not earn wages (such as the population majority of peasants). Williamson (2009) considered the fact that especially the low population density of the 17 th and early 18 th centuries might have generated relatively low inequality, compared with Europe. In times of labor scarcity, wages tend to be higher and even the nutrition and general treatment of slaves and indigenous bound labor might be slightly less terrible.…”

Section: Development Of Educational Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Baten¹,

Mumme²

2010

RHE / JILAEH

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This paper explores the inequality of numeracy and education by studying school years and numeracy of the rich and poor, as well as of tall and short individuals. To estimate numeracy, the age-heaping method is used for the 18 th to early 20 th centuries. Testing the hypothesis that globalization might have increased the inequality of education, we find evidence that 19 th century globalization actually increased inequality in Latin America, but 20 th century globalization had positive effects by reducing educational inequality in a RESUMENEn este artículo se estudia la inequidad en la alfabetizació n matemá ticanumeracy-y en la educació n analizando los añ os de escolarizació n y alfabetizació n matemá tica de ricos y pobres, ya sean individuos altos o bajos. Para estimar la alfabetizació n matemá tica utilizamos el método age heaping para los siglos XVIII y XIX. Contrastando la hipó tesis de que la globalizació n puede haber incrementado la inequidad educacional, encontramos evidencias de que la globalizació n del siglo XIX aumentó esta inequidad mientras la globalizació n del siglo XX tuvo, sin embargo, efectos positivos en la reducció n de la inequidad educacional en una amplia muestra de países en desarrollo. Ademá s, hemos encontrado evidencias que confirman la hipó tesis de la U invertida de Kuznets: una relació n positiva entre la inequidad educacional y el PBI per cá pita en el período anterior a 1913 y lo opuesto en el período posterior a 1945.Palabras clave: capital humano, desigualdad, age heaping, globalizació n

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Section: Development Of Educational Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Educational Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Baten¹,

Mumme²

2010

RHE / JILAEH

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“…Institutions, whether rooted in factor endowments or not, are not universally viewed as relevant (Glaeser, et al, 2004). More recently Coatsworth (2008) and Williamson (2009) have made arguments about inequality that, like the North, Summerhill, and Weingast view of long-term development, reject an early "colonial origins" explanation for patterns of inequality in Latin America.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonial Institutions, Slavery, Inequality, and Development: Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil

Summerhill

2010

SSRN Journal

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“…Más allá de que éste sea un legado que viene de la época de la colonización (Williamson, 2009) o bien un fenómeno del siglo XX, en la última década la pobreza y la desigualdad han disminuido de forma sostenida en toda la región, aunque todavía se mantienen en niveles elevados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La frontera de posibilidades de desigualdad en América Latina

Serrano

Benzaquén

2017

El Trimestre

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Background: This paper presents new evidence of the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio (the percentage of total inequality that was extracted by global elites) of Latin America (LA) in the last two decades. Moreover, we explore the relevance of the inequality extraction ratio (IER) in the analysis of social conflict, institutional instability and corruption. Methods: Estimation of IER and Gini index for 18 Latin American countries in the period 1990-2013, using household surveys. Estimation of multivariate econometric models with fixed effects to analyze the relationship between income distribution and indicators of social conflict. Results: AL improves two positions in the ranking of global inequality using the IER instead of Gini index. Within Latin America there is a process of convergence in levels of inequality, but the two measures evolve differently: while the Gini index increases in the 90s and decreases in the 2000s, the IER decreases throughout the entire period. In addition, we found a positive association between IER and social conflict. Conclusions: Using the IER, LA is not as unequal as with the Gini index. Moreover, countries in LA with high rates of IER are more likely to have high levels of social conflict.

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History without Evidence: Latin American Inequality since 1491

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Colonial Institutions, Slavery, Inequality, and Development: Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil

La frontera de posibilidades de desigualdad en América Latina

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History without Evidence: Latin American Inequality since 1491

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18thto 20thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18thto 20thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Colonial Institutions, Slavery, Inequality, and Development: Evidence from São Paulo, Brazil

La frontera de posibilidades de desigualdad en América Latina

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison

Globalization and educational inequality during the 18^thto 20^thcenturies: Latin America in global comparison