History of partnership between agro-industries and oil palm smallholders in Cameroon

Nkongho, Raymond N.; Ndjogui, Thomas E.; Levang, Patrice

doi:10.1051/ocl/2015005

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Oil palm cultivation is concentrated in the Southwest, Littoral, and Central Regions of Cameroon 39 . Expansion began accelerating around 2005 in Cameroon in parallel with production and consumption growth, while on-farm yields stagnated and declined (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for this pattern relates to FFB theft. The companies that own actively expanding concessions have reported rampant FFB theft from their plantations, in some cases arguing that stolen FFB are supplied to nearby informal mills 39,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the low period of oil palm production (June-September), which coincides with the short dry season, regional palm oil prices can increase substantially given restricted FFB supply. Despite this, agro-industrial mills buy at a fixed price, making them less competitive than informal mills whose oil prices are allowed to fluctuate between the low and peak seasons based on supply 39,46 . Producers and traders often retain palm oil produced during the peak season to sell during the low season, when prices are higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm expansion and deforestation in Southwest Cameroon associated with proliferation of informal mills

et al. 2019

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Oil palm expansion resulted in 2 million hectares (Mha) of forest loss globally in 2000–2010. Despite accounting for 24% (4.5 Mha) of the world’s total oil palm cultivated area, expansion dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa have been overlooked. We show that in Southwest Cameroon, a top producing region of Africa, 67% of oil palm expansion from 2000–2015 occurred at the expense of forest. Contrary to the publicized narrative of industrial-scale expansion, most oil palm expansion and associated deforestation is occurring outside large agro-industrial concessions. Expansion and deforestation carried out by non-industrial producers is occurring near low-efficiency informal mills, unconstrained by the location of high-efficiency company-owned mills. These results highlight the key role of a booming informal economic sector in driving rapid land use change. High per capita consumption and rising palm oil demands in sub-Saharan Africa spotlight the need to consider informal economies when identifying regionally relevant sustainability pathways.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm expansion and deforestation in Southwest Cameroon associated with proliferation of informal mills

et al. 2019

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“…4) as well as fertilization and herbicide application rates until the end of the life cycle (i.e., 196 kgN ha −1 yr −1 , 220 kgK ha −1 yr −1 , 50 kgP ha −1 yr −1 and 2250 ml Glyphosate ha −1 yr −1 ; see Supplementary Table 4 for fertilizer and herbicide levels along the plantation life cycle). After 25 years, although the oil palms may still be productive [55][56][57] , a new rotation cycle is commonly initiated due to the increasing difficulty in harvesting operations with further increasing palm height. Over the 25-year life cycle, the simulated mean of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) yield was 21925 kg ha −1 yr −1 (including the first three non-productive years and taking into account the above-described considerations in yield development over plantation age); these values fall into the upper range of life-time FBB yield values reported in previous studies [32][33][34] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

et al. 2020

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The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO 2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m −2 yr −1), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m −2 yr −1). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlieryielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings.

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“…Cameroon has been traditionally using a variety of products from oil palm: the red oil from the mesocarp, the oil contained in the kernel, and the sap that ferments to generate palm wine (Nkongho et al 2015). They harvested oil palm for subsistence and trade.…”

Section: Cameroonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability pathways in oil palm cultivation: a comparison of Indonesia, Colombia and Cameroon

Dermawan¹,

Hospes²

2018

Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Oil Palm Volume 1

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Oil palm development is a major subject in controversies over sustainable agriculture. Economic benefits are very high due to the crop characteristics and its impact on smallholder development and economic growth. Producer countries have targeted oil palm expansion to meet national and global demands for food and energy. However, oil palm development also has considerable environmental costs in the form of deforestation, loss of biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, the concept of sustainable pathways is used to describe how sustainability issues are being addressed in three different countries: Indonesia, Colombia and Cameroon.

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History of partnership between agro-industries and oil palm smallholders in Cameroon

Abstract: -The present article explores the origin and changes in

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Oil palm expansion and deforestation in Southwest Cameroon associated with proliferation of informal mills

Oil palm expansion and deforestation in Southwest Cameroon associated with proliferation of informal mills

Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

Sustainability pathways in oil palm cultivation: a comparison of Indonesia, Colombia and Cameroon

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