History of discovery of polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Stein and Leventhal are regarded to have been the first investigators of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, in 1721 Vallisneri, an Italian scientist, described a married, infertile woman with shiny ovaries with a white surface, and the size of pigeon eggs. It was not until the early 1990s at a National Institute of Health (NIH) sponsored conference on PCOS that formal diagnostic criteria were proposed and afterwards largely utilized. Many scientists tried to explain the pathophysiology of PCOS and many studies were made. It is now accepted that it is multifactorial, partly genetic; however, a number of candidate genes have been postulated. Insulin resistance has been noted consistently among many women with PCOS, especially in those with hyperandrogenism, but it is not included in any of the diagnostic criteria. Now there is strong evidence that cardiovascular disease risk factors and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism are all increased in patients with PCOS compared to the healthy population. The criteria established by a group of experts during a conference in Rotterdam held in 2003 are obligatory (The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM - Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group). The subsequent "Rotterdam criteria" incorporated the size and morphology, as determined by an ultrasound, of the ovary into the diagnostic criteria.

Effects of body mass index on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization in Chinese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study

“…Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, affecting approximately 5%-10% women of reproductive age (Beydoun et al, 2009). It is characterized by oligomenorrhea and ovulatory dysfunction, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary morphology (Teede et al, 2011;Szydlarska et al, 2017). This disorder is often associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, infertility, obesity, and weight-related disorders (Bentley-Lewis et al, 2011;Stepto et al, 2013;Joham et al, 2015;Balen et al, 2016;Bergh et al, 2016).…”

The effect of standard treatment modalities on clinical and ovarian parameters in polycystic ovarian syndrome

“…Now there is strong evidence that cardiovascular disease risk factors and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism are all increased in patients with PCOS compared with the healthy population. The other very important point that has been made is that the basis of treatment is the modification of lifestyle [14] . In a study conducted by Hugar AL [15] regarding the prevalence and clinical manifestations of PCOS, the authors observed that between 5-10% women of reproductive age suffer from PCOS and most common symptoms of PCOS are obesity, acne, amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, Hirsutism, insulin resistance and high cholesterol.…”

Stein, Leventhal y el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos

“…En 1721, el científico italiano Vallisneri describió el caso de una mujer casada, infertil, con ovarios brillantes de superficie blanca, del tamaño de huevos de paloma. Otro informe, según Szydlarska (4) es de 1844, cuando Chereau y Rokitansky describieron lesiones esclerofibrosas de un carácter degenerativo en ovarios con folículos hidrópicos. Bulius y Kretschmar describieron hipertecosis por primera vez.…”

“…Como sabemos, las células de la teca se encargan de la producción de andrógenos ováricos y también retoman andrógenos más débiles provenientes de las suprarrenales como la DHEA-S y los convierten en testosterona, las de la granulosa producen estrógenos (por acción de una aromatasa sobre los andrógenos), cosa que también ocurre en el tejido graso para formar estrona. Continúa la autora polaca Szydlarska (4) : En 1879 Lawson Tait presentó la necesidad de http://revistaendocrino.org/ ooforectomía bilateral para el tratamiento de la degeneración quística ovárica sintomática, sugiriéndose después la resección parcial de los ovarios. En 1902 von Kahlden publicó una revisión de la patología e implicaciones clínicas de dichos ovarios.…”