History and Prospects of Coxiella burnetii Research

Hechemy, Karim E.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4315-1_1

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…C. burnetii infections in humans may manifest as an acute disease (mainly as a self-limiting febrile illness, pneumonia, or hepatitis) or as a chronic disease (mainly endocarditis in patients with previous valvulopathy) (2). The majority (∼50-60%) of human infections are asymptomatic (2, 3). Chronic infections are rare but can be fatal if untreated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture under normoxic conditions and enhanced virulence of phase IICoxiella burnetiitransformed with a RSF1010-based shuttle vector

Luo

Sun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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20Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular microorganism that can 21 cause acute or chronic Q fever in human. It was recognized as an obligate intracellular 22 organism until the revolutionary design of an axenic cystine culture medium (ACCM). 23Present axenic culture of C. burnetii strictly requires a hypoxic condition (<10% 24 oxygen). Here we investigated the normoxic growth of C. burnetii strains in ACCM-2 25 with or without tryptophan supplementation. Three C. burnetii strains -Henzerling 26 phase I, Nine Mile phase II and a Nine Mile phase II transformant, were included. The 27 transformant contains a pMMGK plasmid that is composed of a RSF1010 ori, a 28 repABC operon, an eGFP gene and a kanamycin resistance cassette. We found that, 29 under normoxia if staring from an appropriate concentration of fresh age inocula, 30 Nine Mile phase II can grow significantly in ACCM-2 with tryptophan, while the 31 transformant can grow robustly in ACCM-2 with or without tryptophan. In contrast, 32 long-term frozen stocks of phase II and its transformant, and Henzerling phase I of 33 different ages had no growth capability under normoxia under any circumstances. 34 Furthermore, frozen stocks of the transformant consistently caused large 35 splenomegaly in SCID mice, while wild type Nine Mile phase II induced a lesser 36 extent of splenomegaly. Taken together, our data show that normoxic cultivation of 37 phase II C. burnetii can be achieved under certain conditions. Our data suggests that 38 tryptophan and an unknown temperature sensitive signal are involved in the 39 expression of genes for normoxic growth regulated by quorum sensing in C. burnetii. 40 129 Mile phase II and NMIIpMMGK were used. In the second experiment, 9 five weeks 130 old mice were averaged into three infection groups: one month old Nine Mile phase II, 131 one-month old NMIIpMMGK and 19 months old NMIIpMMGK. At indicated days 132 post-infection, mice were weighted and sacrificed to harvest spleens to determine 133 splenomegaly (spleen weight/body weight). Each spleen was homogenized in 2 mL 134 PBS. Total DNAs from 20 μL of each tissue homogenate were purified with DNeasy 135

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture under normoxic conditions and enhanced virulence of phase IICoxiella burnetiitransformed with a RSF1010-based shuttle vector

Luo

Sun

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Ever since its discovery, Q fever has been considered one of the important human and animal diseases. Humans having occupational contacts with animals have a higher risk of sero-positivity to C. burnetii (Hechemy, 2012;Meadows et al, 2017).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Q fever (Query fever) or coxiellosis is ubiquitous zoonotic disease except in New Zealand (Hechemy, 2012). It is caused by a highly contagious Gram's negative obligate and intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Q Fever in Cattle and Buffaloes Managed at Institutional Dairy Farms

Rashid¹

2019

PVJ

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The present study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of Q fever and associated risk factors in institutional dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. A total 11 dairy farms were investigated from different areas of Punjab province. Out of these farms, a total of 827 animals (cows n=419 and buffaloes n=408) were investigated. Presence of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies was determined by indirect ELISA. The overall prevalence in dairy animals (cattle and buffaloes) was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.5-7.9). In cattle prevalence was higher (7.6%; 95% CI: 5.3-10.6) than in buffaloes (4.4%; 95% CI: 2.6-6.9). The probability of occurrence of disease in cattle was higher (7.63%; OR=1.9, 95% CI: 0.99-3.25) than in buffalo (1.00%; OR=1.00) The difference in sero-prevalence between the two-dairy species was significant (p=0.052,. Stratification of Q fever as per the breed of cattle indicated that the sero-prevalence was the highest (13%) in Cholistani followed by Sahiwal (7.5%) and cross bred (2.6%). Animals age between 2.1 to 5 year (OR=2.56, 95% CI 1.05, 6.20), contact with small ruminants (OR=1.43, 95% CI 0.63, 3.25), tick infestations (OR=4.91, 95% CI 2.40, 10.00), dry-dusty environment (OR=1.55, 95% CI 0.54, 4.43), retained fetal membranes (OR=1.68, 95% CI 0.94, 5.73) and abortion history (OR=2.17, 95% CI 0.88, 5.35) were risk factors for the seropositivity of Q fever. The results of the study indicated that Q fever is prevalent in cattle and buffalo managed at institutional dairy farms in Punjab. ©2019 PVJ. All rights reservedKey words: Cattle and buffalo ELISA Punjab Sero-prevalence of Q fever To Cite This Article: Rashid I, Saqib M, Ahmad T and Sajid MS, 2019. Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of q fever in cattle and buffaloes managed at institutional dairy farms. Pak Vet J, 39(2): 221-225. http://dx.

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“…In contrast, Coxiella bacteria were present in large quantities in samples of C. capensis but at low levels in A. loculosum. Coxiella sequences exhibited between 98.4 and 98.7% genetic identities with Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever (29). Interestingly Borrelia spp., the causative agents of Lyme disease and relapsing fever, were also identified in C. capensis from Tromelin Island; however, they were present only in trace quantities (13 of 24,797 reads).…”

Section: Bacterial Identification By Pyrosequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive Infection of Seabird Ticks with Bacterial Species Related to Coxiella burnetii

Wilkinson

Dietrich

Lebarbenchon

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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f Seabird ticks are known reservoirs of bacterial pathogens of medical importance; however, ticks parasitizing tropical seabirds have received less attention than their counterparts from temperate and subpolar regions. Recently, Rickettsia africae was described to infect seabird ticks of the western Indian Ocean and New Caledonia, constituting the only available data on bacterial pathogens associated with tropical seabird tick species. Here, we combined a pyrosequencing-based approach with a classical molecular analysis targeting bacteria of potential medical importance in order to describe the bacterial community in two tropical seabird ticks, Amblyomma loculosum and Carios (Ornithodoros) capensis. We also investigated the patterns of prevalence and host specificity within the biogeographical context of the western Indian Ocean islands. The bacterial community of the two tick species was characterized by a strong dominance of Coxiella and Rickettsia. Our data support a strict Coxiella-host tick specificity, a pattern resembling the one found for Rickettsia spp. in the same two seabird tick species. Both the high prevalence and stringent host tick specificity suggest that these bacteria may be tick symbionts with probable vertical transmission. Detailed studies of the pathogenicity of these bacteria will now be required to determine whether horizontal transmission can occur and to clarify their status as potential human pathogens. More generally, our results show that the combination of next generation sequencing with targeted detection/genotyping approaches proves to be efficient in poorly investigated fields where research can be considered to be starting from scratch.

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History and Prospects of Coxiella burnetii Research

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Culture under normoxic conditions and enhanced virulence of phase IICoxiella burnetiitransformed with a RSF1010-based shuttle vector

Culture under normoxic conditions and enhanced virulence of phase IICoxiella burnetiitransformed with a RSF1010-based shuttle vector

Sero-Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Q Fever in Cattle and Buffaloes Managed at Institutional Dairy Farms

Massive Infection of Seabird Ticks with Bacterial Species Related to Coxiella burnetii

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