Sero-Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Q Fever in Cattle and Buffaloes Managed at Institutional Dairy Farms

Rashid, Imaad

doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2019.029

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On a global scale a slightly lower seroprevalence in cattle has been reported (20%) 12 , though with figures varying widely between countries and being higher than recorded in the current work in many cases (24% in Canada, 39% in the Netherlands, 40% in Germany, 46% in Japan and 82% in the USA) 73 – 76 . Lower seroprevalence among Pakistan’s cattle and buffaloes is suggested in a 2019 study by Rashid et al, with only 6.1% of animals testing positive for Q fever across 11 dairy farms 77 . This notably low figure probably resulted from this work only encompassing institutional holdings (managed by government authorities), where animal management would have been delivered by qualified veterinarians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First serological evidence of Q fever in large ruminants and its associated risk factors in Punjab, Pakistan

Hussain

Aziz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Coxiellosis, also known as Q fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative bacterium that exerts a significant deleterious impact on the productive and reproductive capabilities of livestock, severely effecting the economics of this sector. In this study, 448 sera samples from cattle (n = 224) and buffalo (n = 224) were collected from 112 farms in Pakistan and examined for antibodies against C. burnetii using an indirect ELISA. Ticks were also collected from these animals. Serological analysis revealed a 23.66% and 27.23% seroprevalence of Q fever in cattle and buffalo, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) analysis of the factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity was performed, and a multivariable logistic model identified five main variables associated with the seropositivity for coxiellosis. These were: (i) the absence of acaricide use (OR 5.61; 95% CI 2.97–10.94); (ii) the presence of ticks (OR 3.23; 95% CI 1.87–5.69); (iii) the abortion history during the preceding year on the farm (OR 14.96; 95% CI 8.09–29.34); (iv) the presence of sheep and goats (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.20–5.35); and (v) the absence of a separate parturition area (OR 3.17; 95% CI 1.76–5.86). This study provides new insights into the seroprevalence of Q fever in large ruminants across seven studied districts of Punjab, Pakistan, also providing baseline data to inform improved herd management and on-farm practices for the prevention and control of Q fever in large ruminants in the region. Results of this work suggest that further molecular investigation of coxiellosis is warranted to provide a more thorough evaluation of C. burnetii epidemiology in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First serological evidence of Q fever in large ruminants and its associated risk factors in Punjab, Pakistan

Hussain

Aziz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Ticks have been found notorious for their sustainable distribution in various agro-geo climates of Pakistan over the last decade (Sajid, et al, 2007;2009;2017;Karim et al, 2017;Sajid et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2018;Rashid et al, 2019;). The probable reasons of higher threat of ticks and tickborne diseases in developing countries (including Pakistan) may include but are not limited to warmer seasons and higher average temperatures, which promote the growth and propagation of ticks (Soulsby, 1982;Patel et al, 2013;Rizwan et al, 2019), the lack of appropriate husbandry practices i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ticks have been well-documented from almost all regions of Pakistan including Sindh (Soomro et al, 2014), Khyber Pakhtunkwa (KPK) (Ali et al, 2019), Balochistan (Kakar et al, 2017), Punjab (Sajid et al, 2008;2009; and northern areas of Pakistan including Gilgit-Baltistan (Sajid et al, 2017). Many risk factors are associated with tick infestation in farm animals which have a direct impact on the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases (Karim et al, 2017;Sajid et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2018;Rashid et al, 2019;Rizwan et al, 2019) Small ruminant population particularly goats (called as the poor man's cow) contribute a major share in the livestock population of the country (Afzal and Naqvi, 2003). However, in spite of immense significance of goats in the livestock economy of Pakistan, along with other animal health issues, information regarding the ticks and tick-borne disease dynamics in nomadic and settled farming systems and trends of the small holder goat farming community/ nomads about tick management in the country is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of herd management with the infestation of ticks in domestic goats

Sajid

Rizwan

Khan³

et al. 2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Three-stage cluster random sampling was done for determination of the association of herd management with the prevalence of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in goats (Capra hircus) in southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 136 nomadic goat herds and settled farms were screened for ticks and related information like nature of herds, herd size, farming pattern, animal keeping, housing, floor pattern and hygienic measures and documented on a pre-structured questionnaire. In addition, participatory epidemiological tools were used to document trends of consultancy and therapy, choice of drugs and therapeutic approaches. A significant tick infestation (56.30%) was found in all the settled farms or nomadic herds irrespective of the herd size; however, herds having 40-60 goats showed highest infestation. Among 109 (80.1%) settled farms and 27 (19.8%) nomadic herds, highest infestation was found in nomadic herds. No significant association of tick infestation was found with the goat herds reared with large ruminants or separately. Association of tick infestation with goat herds reared in closed housing system was found to be significantly higher as compared to partially-closed or open. Tethered goats showed significantly higher rate of tick infestation than free living. Uncemented (Kacha) floor was a higher risk factor for tick infestation as compared to cemented and bricked. The goats of the settled farms were more prone to tick infestation whose owner neglected the tick infestation, consulted with quacks, used ethnoveterinary medicine and petroleum for control of ticks. The findings of present study will be helpful in devising appropriate extension services for the control of tick infestation in the selected region in specific and in resource-poor countries with similar livestock husbandry systems, in general.

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“…For this study, 11 institutional livestock farms (Farms A-K), administered by the Livestock and Dairy Development (L&DD), Government of Punjab, Lahore and University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, representing different geographical locations ( Figure 1) were selected as described previously [23,24]. Since the prevalence of brucellosis was considered unknown at these selected farms, the sampling frame was constructed to investigate brucellosis at expected prevalence of 50%, 95% confidence interval (CI) and 5% desired absolute precision [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

Jamil

Melzer

Saqib

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Bovine brucellosis remains a persistent infection in ruminants in Pakistan. A total of 828 (409 buffaloes and 419 cattle) sera were collected from 11 institutional-owned livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were tested by rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The seroprevalence along with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined. Univariable and multivariable analysis of the epidemiological background data was conducted and odds ratio (OR) was calculated to understand any association between the risk factors and the seroprevalence. An overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (Positive/Tested = 32/828) and 3.3% (27/828) was detected by RBPT and iELISA, respectively. The seroprevalence of 5.6% (CI 3.6–8.3) and 4.7%, (CI 2.8–7.2) and the odds ratio of 2.63 (CI 1.20–5.77) and 2.50 (CI 1.08–5.78) for testing positive by RBPT and iELISA, respectively were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in buffaloes than in cattle. Breed, sex, history of abortion and retention of fetal membranes (RFM) in the animals were not found statistically significantly associated with the infection. RBPT and iELISA based results agreed almost perfect (k = 0.877). In total, Brucella abortus-DNA (9/27) was amplified from seropositive samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study identified for the first time the etiological agents of brucellosis at a molecular level at institutional-owned livestock farms in Pakistan.

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Sero-Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Q Fever in Cattle and Buffaloes Managed at Institutional Dairy Farms

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

First serological evidence of Q fever in large ruminants and its associated risk factors in Punjab, Pakistan

First serological evidence of Q fever in large ruminants and its associated risk factors in Punjab, Pakistan

Association of herd management with the infestation of ticks in domestic goats

Serological and Molecular Detection of Bovine Brucellosis at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan

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