Historisitas Aliran Neo-Klasik Dalam Kesusastraan Arab

Abstract

Arabic literature has undergone such a long journey from the time of the beginning of the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. In each period of this development, Arabic literature experienced innovations that differentiated it from other periods. In the modern phase in particular, it turns out that Arabic literature has a variety of literary schools that have appeared alternately, both because of the motivation of criticism of the literary models that emerged before and because of refining other streams that emerged in the same period of time.
 The emergence of this neoclassical school was initially a reaction to Napoleon's arrival in Egypt in 1798, which marked the entry of French culture into the Arab world. This school also maintains strong Arabic poetry rules, for example the necessity to use wazan, qāfiyah, the number of words is very large, the uslūb is very strong, the themes still follow the previous period, such as madah, ritsa (lamentations), ghazal, fakhr, and the movement from one topic to another in one qasidah (ode) 
 Problems raised in this study include: 1. What is the history of Arabic literature? 2. What are the factors that arouse Arabic literature? 3. Who are the pioneers of the neoclassical school? The results in this study are: 1. The history of Arabic literature has experienced such a long journey from the period beginning at the time of Jahili, the period of Islam, the period of Muawiyah's service, Abasiah, the Ottoman dynasty, and the modern period until now. During the Abbasid period there was a period of emotion in Arabic literature, and suffered a setback during the Ottoman period until the beginning of this phase since the reign of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after colonialization Francis ended in 1801. 2. The factors include: Al-Madaris (School -school), Al-Mathba'ah (Printing), Ash-Shuhuf / Al-Jaro'id (Newspaper), and Tarjamah.3. One of the pioneers of the neoclassical school of Arabic poetry or commonly called al-Muhāfizun is Mahmud Sami al Barudi
 Keywords: arabic literary history, factors, flow, neo classical figure

The Influence of the Emergence of the Madzhab of Classicism in Arabic Literature

“…Sitti Maryam also explains the neo-classical in the modern period as a reaction to Napoleon's arrival in Egypt in her research. This research touched on the history of Arabic literature as well as the factors that generated Arabic literature that approached the madzhab that entered the modern era, namely the neo-classical madzhab (Maryam, 2019). In addition, Ahmad Nuruddin also analyzed the form of beauty of al-Barudi's work in modern times, which is one of the famous poet figures of that time.…”

“…The development of literature can be said to be rather slow, but little by little it experiences the latest innovations. In addition, literature also does not appear at once in its perfect form (Maryam, 2019). Starting from the time of Ancient Greece, which was a non-Islamic majority, Arabs and Muslims finally dabbled in the world of literature.…”

Gender Mainstreaming in Arabic Literature

“…The development of Arabic literature has gone through a long historical phase 32 with various social dynamics surrounding it. 33 To decribe these phases, Ahmad Iskandari and Mustafa Inani provided the details of several phases, starting from the Jahiliyah phase which lasted approximately 150 years from 475 AD to 622 AD.…”