Historical usage of aqueous film forming foam: A case study of the widespread distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids from a military airport to groundwater, lakes, soils and fish

Discovery of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at a fire fighting training ground and preliminary investigation of their fate and mobility

“…PFOS was present at may reach the water table overtime (Fig 2.) which is in accordance to previous studies 373 (Filipovic et al, 2015).…”

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through the consumption of fish from lakes affected by aqueous film-forming foam emissions — A combined epidemiological and exposure modeling approach. The SAMINOR 2 Clinical Study

“…Indeed, between the mid-1960s and early 2000s, PFOS and related PFASs were the active ingredients in AFFFs. As a consequence of uncontrolled releases of AFFFs into the environment via airport firefighting activities, elevated concentrations of PFASs in surface water, soil, groundwater, and fish near civilian airports, military airbases, and firefighter training areas have been reported worldwide (Ahrens et al, 2015;Baduel et al, 2015;de Solla et al, 2012;Filipovic et al, 2015;Gewurtz et al, 2014;Lescord et al, 2015;Moody et al, 2002;Moody et al, 2003). In Norway, AFFFs have been identified as the major source of PFOS in the environment and have resulted in several contaminated hot spots around firefighting training areas (Sweco/Norconsult, 2015).…”

Identification, Tissue Distribution, and Bioaccumulation Potential of Cyclic Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Isomers in an Airport Impacted Ecosystem

“…However, it should be noted that PFASs detected in the pond may only represent a small fraction of the total watersoluble chemicals from the 1480 hectare airport area since a large amount of the waterborne chemicals may be transported vertically through the soil and reach groundwater aquifers. 44,45 Thus, runoff water samples were not suitable for estimating total emissions of PFASs from the airport. Further studies to characterize the emissions of PFECHS are strongly encouraged.…”