2007
DOI: 10.1007/s10648-007-9056-1
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Historical Reasoning: Towards a Framework for Analyzing Students’ Reasoning about the Past

Abstract: This article explores historical reasoning, an important activity in history learning. Based upon an extensive review of empirical literature on students' thinking and reasoning about history, a theoretical framework of historical reasoning is proposed. The framework consists of six components: asking historical questions, using sources, contextualization, argumentation, using substantive concepts, and using meta-concepts. Each component is discussed and illustrated by examples from our own research. The artic… Show more

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Cited by 394 publications
(380 citation statements)
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References 36 publications
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“…Much in line with the historical discipline, they argue that one must detach oneself from the present, from one's own contemporary values and assumptions, in order to think historically. Nevertheless, history didacticians do consider paying attention to the present an important aspect of history teaching, if only as an entry to make the constructed and thus evolving character of historical knowledge clear to students (Lévesque, 2009;van Drie & van Boxtel, 2008;Wineburg, 2001). …”
Section: Theoretical and Empirical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Much in line with the historical discipline, they argue that one must detach oneself from the present, from one's own contemporary values and assumptions, in order to think historically. Nevertheless, history didacticians do consider paying attention to the present an important aspect of history teaching, if only as an entry to make the constructed and thus evolving character of historical knowledge clear to students (Lévesque, 2009;van Drie & van Boxtel, 2008;Wineburg, 2001). …”
Section: Theoretical and Empirical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Mandell, 2008) oder "historical reasoning" (z.B. van Drie & van Boxtel, 2008) -nicht als "Kompetenzmodelle" im Sinne der deutschen Bildungsdebatte und -forschung zu verstehen sind und auch nicht auf die Kompetenzdefi nition von Weinert (2001) zurückgreifen, funktionieren sie ebenfalls als "models of cognition and learning in historical thinking" (Seixas & Ercikan, 2015, S. 1). Ähnlich wie in den Kompetenzmodellen der deutschsprachigen Forschung werden Zwecke, Ziele und Konzepte historischen Lernens defi niert und als Grundlage für empirische Leistungsfeststellungen herangezogen.…”
Section: Englischsprachige Konzeptionenunclassified
“…Many researchers insist that simply memorizing historical facts is insufficient and that it is more important to foster historical reasoning (also referred to as "historical thinking" or "historical literacy") [14] and to implement collaborative inquiry into the study of history [15]. There are six components of historical reasoning: asking historical questions, using sources, implementing contextualization, engaging in argumentation, using substantive concepts, and employing meta-concepts.…”
Section: Inquiry-based Learning Of and Generated Questionsmentioning
confidence: 99%