Historical Improvement in Speed Skating Economy

Noordhof, Dionne A.; Tok, Elmy van; Joosten, Florentine S.J.G.M.; Hettinga, Florentina J.; Hoozemans, M.J.M.; Foster, Carl; Koning, Jos J. de

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0709

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, previous research showed that top-level cross-country skiers improved performance and work economy, but not VO 2max , from the early preparation phase to the competition phase during a season (Losnegard et al, 2013 ). This is likely explained by the technical complexity of the sport, which is also the case in e.g., speed skating where a recent study suggested that 50% of the improvement in speed skating over the last 50 years is caused by more efficient athletes (even when suits, skates, and ice tracks are accounted for; Noordhof et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers

et al. 2016

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The present study investigated the contribution of performance on uphill, flat, and downhill sections to overall performance in an international 10-km classical time-trial in elite female cross-country skiers, as well as the relationships between performance on snow and laboratory-measured physiological variables in the double poling (DP) and diagonal (DIA) techniques. Ten elite female cross-country skiers were continuously measured by a global positioning system device during an international 10-km cross-country skiing time-trial in the classical technique. One month prior to the race, all skiers performed a 5-min submaximal and 3-min self-paced performance test while roller skiing on a treadmill, both in the DP and DIA techniques. The time spent on uphill (r = 0.98) and flat (r = 0.91) sections of the race correlated most strongly with the overall 10-km performance (both p < 0.05). Approximately 56% of the racing time was spent uphill, and stepwise multiple regression revealed that uphill time explained 95.5% of the variance in overall performance (p < 0.001). Distance covered during the 3-min roller-skiing test and body-mass normalized peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in both techniques showed the strongest correlations with overall time-trial performance (r = 0.66–0.78), with DP capacity tending to have greatest impact on the flat and DIA capacity on uphill terrain (all p < 0.05). Our present findings reveal that the time spent uphill most strongly determine classical time-trial performance, and that the major portion of the performance differences among elite female cross-country skiers can be explained by variations in technique-specific aerobic power.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers

et al. 2016

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“…In long-track speed skating, performance times in the 5000 m and 10,000 m have substantially improved over the last 50 years. Improvements have been explained by technological improvements, such as, indoor ovals, klapskates, aerodynamic suits, improved ice preparation, improving economy and athletic performance [ 51 ]. Another innovation in endurance training is a shift towards more polarised training [ 77 ]; that is, training high volumes in blood lactate concentration zone 1 (low intensity; < 2 mmol) and lower volume of high-intensity (10%–15% in zone 2 and 3; 2–4 and > 4 mmol, respectively) [ 53 ].…”

Section: Strategies For Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to the Beijing Winter Olympics and Beyond: Opinions and Perspectives on Physiology and Innovation in Winter Sport

Wang

Guan

Hostrup

et al. 2021

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Beijing will host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and China strengthens research on various aspects to allow their athletes to compete successfully in winter sport. Simultaneously, Government-directed initiatives aim to increase public participation in recreational winter sport. These parallel developments allow research to advance knowledge and understanding of the physiological determinants of performance and health related to winter sport. Winter sport athletes often conduct a substantial amount of training with high volumes of low-to-moderate exercise intensity and lower volumes of high-intensity work. Moreover, much of the training occur at low ambient temperatures and winter sport athletes have high risk of developing asthma or asthma-related conditions, such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The high training volumes require optimal nutrition with increased energy and dietary protein requirement to stimulate muscle protein synthesis response in the post-exercise period. Whether higher protein intake is required in the cold should be investigated. Cross-country skiing is performed mostly in Northern hemisphere with a strong cultural heritage and sporting tradition. It is expected that innovative initiatives on recruitment and training during the next few years will target to enhance performance of Chinese athletes in classical endurance-based winter sport. The innovation potential coupled with resourcing and population may be substantial with the potential for China to become a significant winter sport nation. This paper discusses the physiological aspects of endurance training and performance in winter sport highlighting areas where innovation may advance in athletic performance in cold environments. In addition, to ensure sustainable development of snow sport, a quality ski patrol and rescue system is recommended for the safety of increasing mass participation.

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Evolutions in the physiology of skiing, skating and running in the Olympics

Hausken

2019

J Sports Med Phys Fitness

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Historical Improvement in Speed Skating Economy

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers

The Road to the Beijing Winter Olympics and Beyond: Opinions and Perspectives on Physiology and Innovation in Winter Sport

Evolutions in the physiology of skiing, skating and running in the Olympics

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