Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests

Kozak, D. B.; Svitok, Marek; Wiezik, Michal; Mikoláš, Martin; Thorn, Simon; Buechling, Arne; Hofmeister, Jeňýk; Matula, Radim; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Bače, Radek; Begović, Krešimír; Čada, Vojtěch; Dušátko, Martin; Frankovič, Michal; Horák, Jakub; Janda, Pavel; Vostarek, Ondřej; Nagel, Thomas A.; Pettit, Joseph L.; Pettit, Jessika M.; Synek, Michal; Wieziková, Adela; Svoboda, Miroslav

doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00502-x

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The mismatch between our results and the disturbance-succession theory could be partly explained by both heterogenization and homogenization effects of disturbance by ash-dieback on different aspects of forest structure (Heidrich et al 2020). The relative uniformity of ash plantations makes them more vulnerable to disturbances in comparison to natural forests and the constant propagule pressure (Hietala et al 2018) might represent an intense disturbance that homogenizes some forest structures (Kozák et al 2021;Svoboda et al, 2014). At the same time, other plantation structures might become too heterogeneous which might reduce the availability of some structures and limit certain taxa, as predicted by the hypothesis of area-heterogeneity trade-off (Allouche et al 2012;Heidrich et al 2020).…”

Section: Arthropod Communitycontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…However, forests are highly dynamic systems that are often naturally disturbed by windstorms, flooding, fire or insect outbreaks (Swanson et al 2011), from which the forest ecosystems often recover (Senf et al 2019). Forest disturbances are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Hilmers et al 2018;Thom & Seidl, 2016), but their impact on a forest ecosystem depends on the disturbance type, severity and frequency (Kozák et al 2021;Swanson et al 2011). Therefore, a major concern is to identify whether the effect of an invasive species on forest ecosystems resembles the effects of natural disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disturbance by invasive pathogenic fungus alters arthropod predator–prey food‐webs in ash plantations

Michalko

Košulič

Martinek

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Ecology

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1. According to the disturbance-succession theory, natural disturbances support biodiversity and are expected to increase the complexity of food-webs in forest ecosystems by opening canopies and creating a heterogeneous environment.However, a limited number of studies have investigated the impact of disturbance by invasive pathogenic species and succession on arthropod predator-prey foodwebs in forest ecosystems. 2.Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is a pathogenic fungus of ash trees that is invasive in Europe and causes massive dieback, mainly of the common ash Fraxinus excelsior across its native range. Here we investigated how this pathogenic fungus affects food-webs of web-building spiders and their prey in understorey vegetation of ash plantations.3. In 23 young and middle-aged ash plantations that were distributed along a gradient of infestation by H. fraxineus (29%-86% infestation), we measured the vegetation structure (canopy openness, shrub coverage, herb/grass coverage), the trait composition of local spider communities (web type, body size), the prey availability and the prey intercepted by spider webs. We then evaluated the multivariate prey composition (prey type, body size) and network properties. 4. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus opened the ash tree canopy, which resulted in denser shrub coverage. The dense shrub vegetation changed the composition of web types in local spider communities and increasing fungus infestation resulted in reduced mean body size of spiders. Infestation by H. fraxineus reduced the availability of predaceous Coleoptera and increased the availability of herbivorous Coleoptera as potential prey. The mean body size of captured prey and the per capita capture rates of most prey groups decreased with increasing fungus infestation. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus infestation indirectly reduced the complexity in bipartite networks and the trophic functional complementarity in local webbuilding spider communities. The plantation age affected the vegetation structure but did not affect the studied food-webs.5. Forest disturbance by the invasive pathogen affected four trophic levels (plantherbivore-coleopteran intermediate predator-top predator web-building spiders)and, contrary to the disturbance-succession theory, disturbance by the fungus simplified the web-building spider-prey food-webs. The results support the view

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Section: Arthropod Communitycontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbance by invasive pathogenic fungus alters arthropod predator–prey food‐webs in ash plantations

Michalko

Košulič

Martinek

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Likewise leaf-chewing caterpillars were slightly promoted by maple decline (Martel and Mauffette, 1997). The accumulation of biological legacies, like perched deadwood or cavities, generally promotes saproxylic organisms following major disturbances (Beudert et al, 2015;Cours et al, 2021;Kozák et al, 2021). This stands true for canopy-dwelling arthropods as the abundance and species richness of saproxylic species is generally enhanced in the canopy of declining stands (Figure 1; Stone et al, 2010;Vincent et al, 2020).…”

Section: Decline-driven Modifications In Canopy Habitats and Cascading Effects On Arthropod Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Climate Change Alters Temperate Forest Canopies and Indirectly Reshapes Arthropod Communities

Sallé

Cours

Souchu

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Global change challenges the adaptive potential of forests. Large-scale alterations of forest canopies have been reported across Europe, and further modifications are expected in response to the predicted changes in drought and windstorm regimes. Since forest canopies are dynamic interfaces between atmosphere and land surface, communities of canopy-dwelling insects are at the forefront of major changes in response to both direct and indirect effects of climate change. First, we briefly introduce the factors shaping arthropod communities in the canopy of temperate forests. Second, we cover the significant impacts of a forest decline on canopy structure and functioning, and more specifically its contrasted effects on insect microhabitats, trophic resources and forest microclimates. Deleterious effects may be expected for several guilds of leaf-dwelling insects. Nonetheless, a forest decline could also lead to transient or long-lasting resource pulses for other canopy-dwelling guilds, especially saproxylic species depending on deadwood substrates and tree-related microhabitats. The novel microclimates may also become more favorable for some particular groups of insects. We pinpoint current knowledge gaps and the technological locks that should be undone to improve our understanding of the canopy biotope and biodiversity in temperate forests. We highlight the need for integrative approaches to reveal the mechanisms at play. We call for cross-scale studies and long-term collaborative research efforts, involving different disciplines such as community and disturbance ecology, plant and insect ecophysiology, and thermal ecology, to better anticipate ongoing functional and conservation issues in temperate forest ecosystems.

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“…However, saproxylic communities are very complex and are composed of numerous functional groups, which not only allow several key roles in ecosystems, but also respond differently to environmental changes (Johansson et al, 2007;Wetherbee et al, 2020). This makes it difficult to predict how communities are going to respond (Kozák et al, 2021). In this sense, our approach has allowed to detect saproxylic communities more fragile to changes or perturbations, as in the case of Sierra Espadán with lower values of functional redundancy and higher values of functional rarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher taxonomic richness does not ensure the functional resilience of saproxylic beetle communities in evergreenQuercusforests

Pérez-Sánchez

Mason

Brustel

et al. 2021

Ecological Entomology

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1. Despite the fact that insects are suffering a global decline, little is known about the extent to which species loss affects functional diversity. Thus, to understand the relationship between taxonomic and functional diversity metrics, we focused on saproxylic beetles, which perform vital functions in forest ecosystems.2. Beetles were collected monthly for a year using flight interception traps placed in three protected areas of mature evergreen Mediterranean Quercus forests. Five morphological traits, one phenological trait, and one physiological surrogate trait were measured, and trophic guild identities were determined. Two taxonomic and six functional metrics were assessed to determine their relationships.3. Taxonomic and functional diversity patterns, as well as trait patterns, differed depending on the protected areas, as they were influenced by habitat and microhabitat characteristics. Generally, a high number of species tended to support high values of functional richness, but did not ensure high values of functional redundancy, thus affecting the resilience of communities.4. A 5% of species loss strongly affected the functional redundancy of communities, making them more vulnerable. Functional richness, however, was not affected, since it was associated with a high number of redundant species. Thus, the way species loss affected communities is highly dependent on the presence of rare or redundant species.5. Taxonomic and functional diversity metrics should be used as complementary tools for conservation purposes. In this way, the comparative analysis of taxonomic and functional patterns may help to predict the vulnerability of saproxylic assemblages to changes or disturbances.

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Historical Disturbances Determine Current Taxonomic, Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of Saproxylic Beetle Communities in Temperate Primary Forests

Abstract: Disturbance history determines current beetle diversity • Deadwood amount and canopy openness play key roles • Diversity measures respond to different disturbance characteristics • Disturbance effects are diverse across temporal scales

Cited by 42 publications

References 93 publications

Disturbance by invasive pathogenic fungus alters arthropod predator–prey food‐webs in ash plantations

Disturbance by invasive pathogenic fungus alters arthropod predator–prey food‐webs in ash plantations

Climate Change Alters Temperate Forest Canopies and Indirectly Reshapes Arthropod Communities

A higher taxonomic richness does not ensure the functional resilience of saproxylic beetle communities in evergreenQuercusforests

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