Historical Colonization of South Puget Sound Prairies by Douglas-Fir at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

Peter, David H.; Harrington, Timothy B.

doi:10.3955/046.088.0303

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Precipitation in South Prairies would appear to be sufficient for trees (40-50 inches, equivalent to that of much more heavily treed areas), yet their relative absence suggests that something else impeded tree establishment. A long history of anthropogenic burning for prairie management has been implicated (Leopold and Boyd, 1999;Peter and Harrington, 2014), but highly pervious gravelly outwash soils likely also slowed tree establishment. The paradoxical proximity of small ponds and excessively drained outwash may indicate subsoil heterogeneity: topographic depressions may retain water if underlain by lenses of impervious clay or hardpan, that could easily have resulted from glacial kettles or other post-glacial processes.…”

Section: Floodplains Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the encroached peripheral zone 10% of trees were oak. Peter and Harrington (2014) analyzed Douglas-fir encroachment of these prairies during postsettlement times, noting that extensive invasion began in the 1890s, that is after the Agricultural Company had departed and after the GLO surveys. The authors also comment, more obliquely, that an earlier invasion may have germinated in the early 1700s, presumably accounting for many of the Douglas-fir witness trees of the present study.…”

Section: Floodplains Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-Settlement Forests around Puget Sound: Eyewitness Evidence

Schroeder¹

2019

Preprint

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Section: Floodplains Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floodplains Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Settlement Forests around Puget Sound: Eyewitness Evidence

Schroeder¹

2019

Preprint

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“…Native Americans used late summer and early fall fires (when we conducted our experimental burns) with a frequency of one to several years to prevent forest succession and to maintain grassland vegetation [ 63 , 65 , 66 ]. In the more recent past, human influences have reduced grassland fire frequency resulting in additional encroachment by trees and shrubs [ 67 – 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Spatial Scale and Reproductive Consequences of Habitat Selection when Managing Grasslands for a Threatened Species

Pearson

Knapp

2016

PLoS ONE

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Habitat selection that has fitness consequences has important implications for conservation activities. For example, habitat characteristics that influence nest success in birds can be manipulated to improve habitat quality with the goal of ultimately improving reproductive success. We examined habitat selection by the threatened streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata) at both the breeding-site (territory) and nest-site scales. Larks were selective at both spatial scales but with contrasting selection. At the territory scale, male larks selected sparsely vegetated grasslands with relatively short vegetation. At the nest-site scale, female larks selected sites within territories with higher vegetation density and more perennial forbs. These nest-site scale choices had reproductive consequences, with greater nest success in areas with higher densities of perennial forbs. We experimentally manipulated lark habitat structure in an attempt to mimic the habitat conditions selected by larks by using late summer prescribed fires. After the burn, changes in vegetation structure were in the direction preferred by larks but habitat effects attenuated by the following year. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating habitat selection at spatial scales appropriate to the species of interest, especially when attempting to improve habitat quality for rare and declining species. They also highlight the importance of conducting restoration activities in a research context. For example, because the sparsely vegetated conditions created by fire attenuate, there may be value in examining more frequent burns or hotter fires as the next management and research action. We hope the design outlined in this study will serve as an integrated research and management example for conserving grassland birds generally.

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“…Prairies in the Pacific Northwest are critically endangered with 98% or more loss (Noss et al 1995, Christy andAlverson 2011) as a result of habitat destruction from farming and urbanization (Noss et al 1995), invasive species (Pfeifer-Meister et al 2012, Lindh 2018, infilling with trees (Peter and Harrington 2014) and lack of fire (Pendergrass 1995, Clark and Wilson 2001, Hamman et al 2011. While the plants of these prairies have been relatively well studied, their fungi have received little attention, despite playing major ecological roles as pathogens, symbionts, and decomposers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of grass endophyte communities in prairies of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Bailes

Thomas

Bridgham

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Prairies of the Pacific Northwest are highly threatened, with only ~2% of historic land area remaining. The combined risk of global climate change and land use change make these prairies a high conservation priority. However, little attention has been paid to the microbiota of these systems, including the hyper diverse fungi that live asymptomatically in their leaves, the endophytes. Using culture-free, full-community DNA sequencing, we investigated the diversity, composition, and structure of full fungal foliar endophyte and ecological guild communities in two native, cool-season bunchgrasses along a climate gradient. We quantified the relative importance of host, host fitness, environment, and spatial structuring in microbial community structure. We found markedly different communities between the southern and central-northern sites, suggesting a potential dispersal limitation in the Klamath Mountains. We also found that each host species was home to distinct fungal communities. Climate was the strongest predictor of endophyte community, while fitness (e.g., plant size, reproductive status, density) was less important for community structure. For both host species, seasonality contributed strongly to the variation we observed. At the ecological guild level, saprotrophs tended to decline with latitude, whereas symbiotrophs and pathotrophs both tended to increase with latitude. Our results suggest that climate change will have large consequences for these diverse fungal communities.

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Historical Colonization of South Puget Sound Prairies by Douglas-Fir at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Pre-Settlement Forests around Puget Sound: Eyewitness Evidence

Pre-Settlement Forests around Puget Sound: Eyewitness Evidence

Considering Spatial Scale and Reproductive Consequences of Habitat Selection when Managing Grasslands for a Threatened Species

Drivers of grass endophyte communities in prairies of the Pacific Northwest, USA

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